Pinel Alexandre, Rigaudière Jean-Paul, Morio Béatrice, Capel Frédéric
Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France.
Metabolites. 2021 Dec 4;11(12):838. doi: 10.3390/metabo11120838.
Obesity is characterized by profound alterations in adipose tissue (AT) biology, leading to whole body metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. These alterations are related to the development of a local inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and dysregulation in energy homeostasis, notably in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) have been described to possess beneficial effects against obesity-related disorders, including in the AT; however, the long-term effect across generations remains unknown. The current study was conducted to identify if supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) for three generations could protect from the consequences of an obesogenic diet in VAT. Young mice from the third generation of a lineage receiving a daily supplementation (1% of the diet) with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or an isocaloric amount of sunflower oil, were fed a high-fat, high-sugar content diet for 4 months. We explore the transcriptomic adaptations in each lineage using DNA microarray in VAT and bioinformatic exploration of biological regulations using online databases. Transgenerational intake of EPA led to a reduced activation of inflammatory processes, perturbation in metabolic homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial functions in response to the obesogenic diet as compared to control mice from a control lineage. This suggests that the continuous intake of long chain n-3 PUFA could be preventive in situations of oversupply of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
肥胖的特征是脂肪组织（AT）生物学发生深刻改变，导致全身代谢紊乱，如胰岛素抵抗和心血管疾病。这些改变与局部炎症、纤维化、脂肪细胞肥大以及能量稳态失调有关，尤其是在内脏脂肪组织（VAT）中。ω-3（n-3）脂肪酸（FA）已被描述对肥胖相关疾病具有有益作用，包括在脂肪组织中；然而，跨代的长期影响仍然未知。本研究旨在确定连续三代补充n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）是否能预防致肥胖饮食对内脏脂肪组织造成的后果。来自第三代品系的幼鼠，一组每天补充（饮食富含富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的鱼油（占饮食的1%），另一组补充等量热量的向日葵油，之后给予高脂高糖饮食4个月。我们使用DNA微阵列技术研究内脏脂肪组织中每个品系的转录组适应性，并利用在线数据库对生物学调控进行生物信息学探索。与对照品系的对照小鼠相比，跨代摄入EPA导致在致肥胖饮食作用下炎症过程的激活减少、代谢稳态、胆固醇代谢和线粒体功能受到的干扰减少。这表明，在能量密集、营养匮乏食物供应过多的情况下，持续摄入长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能具有预防作用。
