Jerab Donia, Blangero Ferdinand, da Costa Paulo César Trindade, de Brito Alves José Luiz, Kefi Rym, Jamoussi Henda, Morio Beatrice, Eljaafari Assia
CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de Recherche pour l' Agriculture, l' Alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR1397, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 3;17(7):1253. doi: 10.3390/nu17071253.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) are known to help resolve inflammation through generation of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators, including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Through binding to the GPR120/FFAR4 receptor, their beneficial effects result from phospholipid membrane remodeling, impairment of inflammatory signaling molecules clustering, subsequent inhibition of NF-κB and inflammasome activation, and a reduction in oxidative stress. Obesity, a chronic inflammatory disease that contributes to metabolic disorders, is alleviated by -3 PUFAs. In the adipose tissue (AT) of individuals with obesity, -3 PUFAs counteract hypoxia, inhibit immune cell infiltration and AT inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce fat mass. Beyond AT, -3 PUFAs also alleviate other metabolic disorders such as metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), gut dysbiosis, and/or renal dysfunction. In cardiovascular disease (CVD), they are mainly recommended as a secondary prevention for patients with coronary heart disease risks. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the benefits of -3 PUFAs in obesity and related metabolic diseases, examining both the mechanistic and clinical aspects. Additionally, it also explores the effects of -3 PUFAs in obesity-related chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and multiple sclerosis, by targeting specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Clinical applications and limitations of -3 PUFAs are discussed based on findings from human clinical trials.
已知ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（-3 PUFAs）可通过生成抗炎类二十烷酸和包括消退素、保护素和maresin在内的特殊促消退介质来帮助解决炎症问题。通过与GPR120/FFAR4受体结合，它们的有益作用源于磷脂膜重塑、炎症信号分子聚集的受损、随后对NF-κB和炎性小体激活的抑制以及氧化应激的降低。肥胖是一种导致代谢紊乱的慢性炎症性疾病，-3 PUFAs可减轻肥胖。在肥胖个体的脂肪组织（AT）中，-3 PUFAs可对抗缺氧、抑制免疫细胞浸润和AT炎症、改善胰岛素敏感性并减少脂肪量。除了AT，-3 PUFAs还可减轻其他代谢紊乱，如代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）、肠道菌群失调和/或肾功能障碍。在心血管疾病（CVD）中，它们主要被推荐作为冠心病风险患者的二级预防措施。本综述对-3 PUFAs在肥胖及相关代谢疾病中的益处进行了深入分析，同时考察了其机制和临床方面。此外，它还通过针对特定的病理生理机制，探讨了-3 PUFAs在肥胖相关慢性炎症性疾病中的作用，包括炎症性肠病、银屑病、类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎和多发性硬化症。基于人类临床试验的结果，讨论了-3 PUFAs的临床应用和局限性。
