Department of Radiology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way N.E, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2021 Mar;51(3):338-352. doi: 10.1007/s00247-021-04963-7. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
In skeletally immature patients, the presence of growth plates and articular cartilage of the shoulder can create a predisposition for unique injuries not observed in adults. Furthermore, increasing participation in sports by children and adolescents appears to be leading to a corresponding increase in the number of sports-related injuries. The importance of radiologists being familiar with pediatric shoulder imaging and its associated injuries is therefore growing. In this article, we review the normal development and maturation pattern of ossification centers of the shoulder from the early gestational period through adolescence. Brachial plexus birth palsy, physeal injuries, shoulder dislocation, and internal impingement are discussed within the context of the child's age and the mechanism of injury to guide radiologists to a correct diagnosis.
在骨骼未成熟的患者中，肩的生长板和关节软骨的存在可能导致独特的损伤，这些损伤在成年人中观察不到。此外，儿童和青少年参与体育运动的增加似乎导致与运动相关的损伤数量相应增加。因此，放射科医生熟悉小儿肩部影像学及其相关损伤变得越来越重要。在本文中，我们回顾了从早期妊娠到青春期肩部骨化中心的正常发育和成熟模式。在讨论臂丛神经产伤、骺板损伤、肩关节脱位和盂肱关节内撞击时，我们根据儿童的年龄和损伤机制来指导放射科医生做出正确的诊断。
