Muthuvattur Pallath Meghana, Ahirwar Ashok Kumar, Chandra Tripathi Satyendra, Asia Priyanka, Sakarde Apurva, Gopal Niranjan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2021 Feb 4;42(1):77-85. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0074.
COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic, which spread largely among people who have had close contact with the infected person. The immunopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus includes the production of an excess amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines "a cytokine-storm". The respiratory system (main), cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract are the most affected body systems during viral infection. It has been found that most of the patients who require admission to hospital are elderly or have chronic underlying diseases. Higher cases of malnutrition and co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are reported in elderly patients due to which, the immune system weakens and hence, the response to the virus is diminished in magnitude. A deficiency of micronutrients results in impaired immune responses leading to improper secretion of cytokines, alterations in secretory antibody response and antibody affinity which increases susceptibility to viral infection. The deficiency of various micronutrients in COVID-19 patient can be treated by appropriate nutritional supplements, prescribed after evaluating the patients' nutritional status. Here we aim to highlight the role of a few particular nutrients namely Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Omega-3 fatty acids, Zinc and Magnesium along with the synergistic roles they play in enhancing immunity and thus, maintaining homeostasis.
新型冠状病毒肺炎已导致一场持续的全球大流行，主要在与感染者有过密切接触的人群中传播。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒的免疫病理学包括产生过量的促炎细胞因子，即“细胞因子风暴”。在病毒感染期间，呼吸系统（主要）、心血管系统和胃肠道是受影响最严重的身体系统。已发现大多数需要住院治疗的患者为老年人或患有慢性基础疾病。老年患者中营养不良以及糖尿病和心血管疾病等合并症的发生率较高，因此，免疫系统会减弱，对病毒的反应程度也会降低。微量营养素缺乏会导致免疫反应受损，导致细胞因子分泌不当、分泌性抗体反应和抗体亲和力改变，从而增加对病毒感染的易感性。新型冠状病毒肺炎患者各种微量营养素的缺乏可以通过在评估患者营养状况后开出处方的适当营养补充剂来治疗。在此，我们旨在强调几种特定营养素的作用，即维生素D、维生素C、欧米伽-3脂肪酸、锌和镁，以及它们在增强免疫力从而维持体内平衡方面所起的协同作用。
