Woskie S R, Smith T J, Hammond S K, Schenker M B, Garshick E, Speizer F E
Department of Environmental Science and Physiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(3):381-94. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700130307.
As a part of a series of epidemiological studies of railroad workers, measurements were made to characterize workers' exposures to diesel exhaust. Since diesel exhaust is not a single compound, an exposure marker was sought. The personal exposures to respirable particulate matter (RPM) of over 530 workers in 39 common jobs were measured in four U.S. railroads over a three-year period. Significant amounts of cigarette smoke (20-90%) were found in many of these samples. Therefore, the respirable particulate concentration, adjusted to remove the fraction of cigarette smoke (ARP), was chosen as a marker of diesel exhaust exposures. The geometric mean exposures to ARP ranged from 17 micrograms/m3 for clerks to 134 micrograms/m3 for locomotive shop workers. Significant interrailroad variations were observed in some job groups indicating that the different facilities, equipment, and work practices found among the railroads can affect a worker's exposure to diesel exhaust. Climate was also found to have a significant effect on exposure in some job groups.
作为铁路工人系列流行病学研究的一部分，开展了相关测量以表征工人接触柴油废气的情况。由于柴油废气并非单一化合物，因此寻找了一种接触标志物。在三年时间里，对美国4条铁路上39种常见工作岗位的530多名工人的可吸入颗粒物（RPM）个人接触情况进行了测量。在许多这些样本中发现了大量香烟烟雾（20% - 90%）。因此，经调整以去除香烟烟雾部分（ARP）后的可吸入颗粒物浓度被选作柴油废气接触的标志物。ARP的几何平均接触水平范围从职员的17微克/立方米到机车修理车间工人的134微克/立方米。在一些工作岗位组中观察到铁路之间存在显著差异，这表明各铁路之间不同的设施、设备和工作方式会影响工人接触柴油废气的情况。还发现气候在一些工作岗位组中对接触情况有显著影响。
