Jin Ke-Tao, Du Wen-Lin, Liu Yu-Yao, Lan Huan-Rong, Si Jing-Xing, Mou Xiao-Zhou
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China.
Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 3;13(4):588. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040588.
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be applied in cancer immunotherapy without in-depth knowledge of tumor antigens. The capability of genetic modification makes OVs exciting therapeutic tools with a high potential for manipulation. Improving efficacy, employing immunostimulatory elements, changing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to inflammatory TME, optimizing their delivery system, and increasing the safety are the main areas of OVs manipulations. Recently, the reciprocal interaction of OVs and TME has become a hot topic for investigators to enhance the efficacy of OVT with less off-target adverse events. Current investigations suggest that the main application of OVT is to provoke the antitumor immune response in the TME, which synergize the effects of other immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy. In this review, we focused on the effects of OVs on the TME and antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, OVT challenges, including its moderate efficiency, safety concerns, and delivery strategies, along with recent achievements to overcome challenges, are thoroughly discussed.
溶瘤病毒疗法（OVT）是癌症免疫治疗中一种很有前景的方法。溶瘤病毒（OVs）可应用于癌症免疫治疗，而无需深入了解肿瘤抗原。基因改造能力使OVs成为极具操作潜力的令人兴奋的治疗工具。提高疗效、采用免疫刺激元件、将免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）转变为炎性TME、优化其递送系统以及提高安全性是OVs操作的主要领域。最近，OVs与TME的相互作用已成为研究人员提高OVT疗效且减少脱靶不良事件的热门话题。目前的研究表明，OVT的主要应用是在TME中激发抗肿瘤免疫反应，这与其他免疫疗法如免疫检查点阻断剂和过继性细胞疗法的效果协同作用。在本综述中，我们重点关注OVs对TME和抗肿瘤免疫反应的影响。此外，还将全面讨论OVT面临的挑战，包括其疗效中等、安全性问题和递送策略，以及最近克服这些挑战所取得的成就。
