Saidi Oussama, Pereira Bruno, Peyrel Paul, Maso Freddy, Doré Eric, Rochette Emmanuelle, Ratel Sébastien, Walrand Stéphane, Duché Pascale
Clermont Auvergne University, laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Apr;22(4):499-510. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1887368. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Young athletes must contend with the constraints of elite sports on top of school commitments and the physiological processes associated with adolescence. This study assessed week and weekend sleep and schedule of activities in elite adolescent rugby players during the in-season competitive phase compared with age-matched non-athlete controls. 32 adolescents (GR: 16 elite rugby players, GC: 16 controls) from the same boarding school filled out a daily schedule of activities and a sleep diary, and wore a multichannel electroencephalogram for 14 days. They later filled out questionnaires on their sleep quality, sleepiness, and perceived stress. Both groups showed insufficient sleep duration during the week (<7 h). Only GC caught up on their sleep debt during the weekend (increased TIB, TST and time spent in REM sleep, all < 0.001). Weekend TIB, TST and, N3 sleep remained similar to that for weekdays in GR. However, GR experienced lower sleep quality (decreased SE, increased WASO, all < 0.01) and a decrease in REM sleep ( < 0.01). Schedules of activities showed an increase in time spent on overall activities during the weekend, mainly due to competition and sport-specific travel, which resulted in a decrease in sleep opportunity time compared with GC ( < 0.001). Δ sleep opportunity time (weekend-week) was associated with Δ TST (weekend-week), and Δ TST (weekend-week) was associated with sleepiness and perceived stress. Busy schedules during the competitive season decreased sleep opportunity time and prevented elite adolescent rugby players from catching up on their sleep at weekends.Adolescent rugby players have insufficient sleep during both week and weekend of the in-season competitive phaseCongested schedule prevented elite adolescent rugby players from catching up on their sleep at weekends.Sleep considerations are necessary when planning the weekend sporting schedules.
年轻运动员除了要应对学业任务以及与青春期相关的生理过程外，还必须应对精英运动带来的种种限制。本研究评估了精英青少年橄榄球运动员在赛季内竞争阶段的一周和周末的睡眠及活动安排，并与年龄匹配的非运动员对照组进行了比较。来自同一寄宿学校的32名青少年（GR组：16名精英橄榄球运动员，GC组：16名对照组）填写了每日活动安排和睡眠日记，并佩戴多通道脑电图仪14天。他们随后填写了关于睡眠质量、困倦程度和感知压力的问卷。两组在一周内的睡眠时间均不足（<7小时）。只有GC组在周末补上了睡眠债（总卧床时间、总睡眠时间和快速眼动睡眠时间增加，均P<0.001）。GR组周末的总卧床时间、总睡眠时间和N3睡眠时间与工作日相似。然而，GR组的睡眠质量较低（睡眠效率降低、觉醒时间增加，均P<0.01），快速眼动睡眠时间减少（P<0.01）。活动安排显示，周末用于总体活动的时间增加，主要是由于比赛和特定运动的出行，这导致与GC组相比睡眠机会时间减少（P<0.001）。睡眠机会时间的变化（周末 - 一周）与总睡眠时间的变化（周末 - 一周）相关，而总睡眠时间的变化（周末 - 一周）与困倦程度和感知压力相关。赛季竞争阶段繁忙的日程安排减少了睡眠机会时间，使精英青少年橄榄球运动员无法在周末补上睡眠。青少年橄榄球运动员在赛季内竞争阶段的一周和周末睡眠均不足。拥挤的日程安排使精英青少年橄榄球运动员无法在周末补上睡眠。在规划周末体育日程时，睡眠因素是必要的考虑因素。
