Stein H S, Jones I S
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Washington, DC 20037.
Am J Public Health. 1988 May;78(5):491-8. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.5.491.
For a two-year period, large truck crashes on the interstate system in Washington State were investigated using a case-control method. For each large truck involved in a crash, three trucks were randomly selected for inspection from the traffic stream at the same time and place as the crash but one week later. The effects of truck and driver characteristics on crashes were assessed by comparing their relative frequency among the crash-involved and comparison sample trucks. Double trailer trucks were consistently overinvolved in crashes by a factor of two to three in both single and multiple vehicle crashes. Single unit trucks pulling trailers also were overinvolved. Doubles also had a higher frequency of jackknifing compared to tractor-trailers. The substantial overinvolvement of doubles in crashes was found regardless of driver age, hours of driving, cargo weight, or type of fleet. Younger drivers, long hours of driving, and operating empty trucks were also associated with higher crash involvement.
在两年时间里，采用病例对照法对华盛顿州州际公路系统上的大型卡车撞车事故进行了调查。对于每起涉及撞车事故的大型卡车，从事故发生的同一时间和地点、但在事故发生一周后的交通流中随机抽取三辆卡车进行检查。通过比较撞车事故涉及的卡车和对照样本卡车的相对频率，评估卡车和司机特征对撞车事故的影响。在单车和多车撞车事故中，双拖挂车卷入事故的比例始终比其他车辆高出两到三倍。牵引拖车的单单元卡车卷入事故的比例也偏高。与半挂车相比，双拖挂车发生折腰转向的频率也更高。无论司机年龄、驾驶时长、货物重量或车队类型如何，双拖挂车在撞车事故中的卷入比例都显著偏高。年轻司机、长时间驾驶以及驾驶空车也与较高的撞车事故发生率相关。
