Department of Economics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Kermanshah Regional Water Authority, Kermanshah, Iran.
Environ Manage. 2021 Apr;67(4):648-666. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01424-7. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
The groundwater sustainability of an alluvial aquifer in the western Iran was examined by using eight different social, economic, and environmental indicators. Differing types of indicators were used including groundwater extraction, groundwater quality, and groundwater vulnerability from the environmental indicators proposed by UNESCO 2007 and the legal framework, institutional capacity, public participation, knowledge generation, and promotion and water productivity from five researcher-developed indicators. A questionnaire and an AHP analysis were used to assess groundwater sustainability in the Mahidasht aquifer. Using AHP method, the indicators were formulated as spatial thematic maps resulting in calculation of the groundwater sustainability index (GSI). Then, the final GSI was divided into four categories, including sustainable, near sustainable, unsustainable, and highly or critically unsustainable. The AHP results showed that most parts of the study area are contained within the unsustainable category. The questionnaire method also showed that the study area with the score of 1.47 belongs within the unsustainable category. The validation of AHP results indicated 97% of the area had more than 1-m of drawdown in the groundwater level and 62% of it had more than 10-m of decline in the water level. The results showed that different socio-economic and environmental indicators can provide a helpful overview of groundwater sustainability conditions for future planning and decision-making in water management. Few studies of water management using socio-economic indicators have been conducted in Iran, Therefore this study provides a novel method of groundwater sustainability assessment by using the concepts of sustainable development, and integrated spatial indicators.
本研究采用八项不同的社会、经济和环境指标，对伊朗西部冲积含水层的地下水可持续性进行了评估。所使用的指标包括从教科文组织 2007 年提出的环境指标（地下水开采、地下水质量和地下水脆弱性）以及法律框架、机构能力、公众参与、知识生成和推广以及水生产力中选择的不同类型的指标。本研究采用问卷和层次分析法（AHP）对 Mahidasht 含水层的地下水可持续性进行了评估。通过层次分析法，将指标制定为空间专题地图，从而计算地下水可持续性指数（GSI）。然后，将最终的 GSI 分为四类，包括可持续、接近可持续、不可持续和高度或极度不可持续。AHP 结果表明，研究区的大部分地区都属于不可持续类别。问卷调查方法也表明，研究区的得分是 1.47，属于不可持续类别。AHP 结果的验证表明，97%的地区地下水位下降超过 1 米，62%的地区地下水位下降超过 10 米。结果表明，不同的社会经济和环境指标可以为未来的水资源管理规划和决策提供地下水可持续性条件的有用概述。伊朗很少有关于用水管理的社会经济指标的研究，因此，本研究通过可持续发展和综合空间指标的概念，提供了一种评估地下水可持续性的新方法。
