Lotfinasabasl Sakineh, Gohardoust Azade, Dargahian Fatemeh, Zandifar Samira
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 31;15(1):11007. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95839-5.
Arid regions face a dual threat of declining groundwater quantity and quality. This study examines these interconnected challenges in the diverse aquifers of Iran's Jazmurian Basin using GIS and statistics. The study reveals significant spatial variations in salinity, hardness, and sodium content. Of particular concern is the rising electrical conductivity (EC) across most aquifers, especially in the east, which indicates potential water quality degradation. The relationship between groundwater level and salinity is intricate and requires site-specific management. Cluster analysis has identified three distinct groundwater profiles: deep formations that require geological understanding for salinity control, high-quality zones that need recharge protection, and areas that struggle with salinity sources that require identification. Factor analysis identifies salinity and aridity, mineral content related to rock weathering and agriculture, recharge zones requiring protection, and complex interactions between specific ions and groundwater level as key drivers. This study highlights the importance of implementing comprehensive management strategies considering spatial variations, temporal trends, and unique drivers. Targeted interventions, sustainable water use, and effective monitoring programs are essential for safeguarding this vital resource in drought-prone regions. Further research is necessary to refine our understanding of human influences and unique geochemical processes shaping each aquifer system, ultimately enhancing global arid zone groundwater management.
干旱地区面临着地下水量和水质下降的双重威胁。本研究利用地理信息系统（GIS）和统计学方法，对伊朗贾兹穆里安盆地不同含水层中这些相互关联的挑战进行了研究。研究揭示了盐度、硬度和钠含量存在显著的空间差异。特别令人担忧的是，大多数含水层，尤其是东部地区的电导率（EC）不断上升，这表明水质可能恶化。地下水位与盐度之间的关系错综复杂，需要因地制宜地进行管理。聚类分析确定了三种不同的地下水类型：需要从地质角度了解以控制盐度的深层地层、需要保护补给区的优质区域，以及难以应对需要识别的盐源的区域。因子分析确定盐度和干旱程度、与岩石风化和农业相关的矿物质含量、需要保护的补给区，以及特定离子与地下水位之间的复杂相互作用是关键驱动因素。本研究强调了实施综合管理策略的重要性，该策略需考虑空间变化、时间趋势和独特的驱动因素。针对性的干预措施、可持续的水资源利用和有效的监测计划对于保护干旱易发地区的这一重要资源至关重要。有必要开展进一步研究，以深化我们对塑造每个含水层系统的人类影响和独特地球化学过程的理解，最终加强全球干旱地区的地下水管理。
