Nilsen-Nygaard Julie, Fernández Estefanía Noriega, Radusin Tanja, Rotabakk Bjørn Tore, Sarfraz Jawad, Sharmin Nusrat, Sivertsvik Morten, Sone Izumi, Pettersen Marit Kvalvåg
Food Division, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS), Tromsø, Norway.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021 Mar;20(2):1333-1380. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12715. Epub 2021 Feb 6.
Fossil-based plastic materials are an integral part of modern life. In food packaging, plastics have a highly important function in preserving food quality and safety, ensuring adequate shelf life, and thereby contributing to limiting food waste. Meanwhile, the global stream of plastics into the oceans is increasing exponentially, triggering worldwide concerns for the environment. There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of packaging waste, a matter raising increasing consumer awareness. Shifting part of the focus toward packaging materials from renewable resources is one promising strategy. This review provides an overview of the status and future of biobased and biodegradable films used for food packaging applications, highlighting the effects on food shelf life and quality. Potentials, limitations, and promising modifications of selected synthetic biopolymers; polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate; and natural biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, alginate, gelatine, whey, and soy protein are discussed. Further, this review provides insight into the connection between biobased packaging materials and innovative technologies such as high pressure, cold plasma, microwave, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light. The potential for utilizing such technologies to improve biomaterial barrier and mechanical properties as well as to aid in improving overall shelf life for the packaging system by in-pack processing is elaborated on.
基于化石的塑料材料是现代生活中不可或缺的一部分。在食品包装中，塑料在保持食品质量和安全、确保足够的保质期以及从而有助于减少食物浪费方面具有极其重要的作用。与此同时，全球流入海洋的塑料数量呈指数级增长，引发了全球对环境的关注。迫切需要减少包装废弃物对环境的影响，这一问题也日益引起消费者的关注。将部分关注点转向可再生资源制成的包装材料是一种很有前景的策略。本综述概述了用于食品包装应用的生物基和可生物降解薄膜的现状与未来，重点介绍了其对食品保质期和质量的影响。讨论了所选合成生物聚合物（聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和聚羟基脂肪酸酯）以及天然生物聚合物（如纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、明胶、乳清和大豆蛋白）的潜力、局限性和有前景的改性方法。此外，本综述深入探讨了生物基包装材料与高压、冷等离子体、微波、超声和紫外线等创新技术之间的联系。阐述了利用这些技术改善生物材料阻隔性和机械性能以及通过包装内加工帮助提高包装系统整体保质期的潜力。
