Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Apr;93:107391. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107391. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
The immune system and the nervous system depend on each other for their fine tuning and working, thus cooperating to maintain physiological homeostasis and prevent infections. The cholinergic system regulates the mobilization, differentiation, secretion, and antigen presentation of adaptive and innate immune cells mainly through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). The neuro-immune interactions are established and maintained by the following mechanisms: colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at defined anatomical sites, expression of the non-neuronal cholinergic system by immune cells, and the acetylcholine receptor-mediated activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Based on these immunological mechanisms, the protective effects of cholinergic system in animal models of diseases were summarized in this paper, such as myocardial infarction/ischemia-reperfusion, viral myocarditis, and endotoxin-induced myocardial damage. In addition to maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving the energy metabolism of the heart, both non-neuronal acetylcholine and neuronal acetylcholine in the heart can alleviate myocardial inflammation and remodeling to exert a significant cardioprotective effect. The new findings on the role of cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation in immune regulation are updated, so as to develop improved approaches to treat inflammatory heart disease.
免疫系统和神经系统依赖彼此进行精细调节和协同工作，从而共同维持生理内稳态和预防感染。胆碱能系统主要通过α7 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（α7nAChR）调节适应性和固有免疫细胞的动员、分化、分泌和抗原呈递。神经免疫相互作用通过以下机制建立和维持：免疫细胞和神经元细胞在特定解剖部位的共定位、免疫细胞表达非神经元胆碱能系统以及乙酰胆碱受体介导的细胞内信号通路的激活。基于这些免疫学机制，本文总结了胆碱能系统在心肌梗死/缺血再灌注、病毒性心肌炎和内毒素诱导的心肌损伤等疾病动物模型中的保护作用。除了维持血流动力学稳定和改善心脏的能量代谢外，心脏中的非神经元乙酰胆碱和神经元乙酰胆碱均可减轻心肌炎症和重塑，发挥显著的心脏保护作用。本文更新了胆碱能激动剂和迷走神经刺激在免疫调节中的作用的新发现，以便开发出改善炎症性心脏病治疗方法。
