Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
J Plant Res. 2021 May;134(3):373-401. doi: 10.1007/s10265-020-01247-3. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
Plant organs are repetitively generated at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in recognizable patterns. This phenomenon, known as phyllotaxis, has long fascinated scientists from different disciplines. While we have an enriched body of knowledge on phyllotactic patterns, parameters, and transitions, only in the past 20 years, however, have we started to identify genes and elucidate genetic pathways that involved in phyllotaxis. In this review, I first summarize the classical knowledge of phyllotaxis from a morphological perspective. I then discuss recent advances in the regulation of phyllotaxis, from a molecular genetics perspective. I show that the morphological beauty of phyllotaxis we appreciate is the manifestation of many regulators, in addition to the critical role of auxin as a patterning signal, exerting their respective effects in a coordinated fashion either directly or indirectly in the SAM.
植物器官在茎尖分生组织（SAM）以可识别的模式重复产生。这种现象被称为叶序，长期以来一直吸引着来自不同学科的科学家。虽然我们对叶序模式、参数和转变有了丰富的了解，但直到过去 20 年，我们才开始识别参与叶序的基因和阐明遗传途径。在这篇综述中，我首先从形态学的角度总结了叶序的经典知识。然后，我从分子遗传学的角度讨论了叶序调控的最新进展。我表明，我们所欣赏的叶序的形态美是许多调节剂的表现，除了生长素作为模式信号的关键作用外，它们直接或间接地在 SAM 中以协调的方式发挥各自的作用。
