Gershgoren Lael, Blatt Asaf, Sela Tal, Tenenbaum Gershon
School of Behavioral Sciences, The College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Kinneret Academic College on the Sea of Galilee, Emek HaYarden, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 21;11:615018. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.615018. eCollection 2020.
Objective performance measures are vastly used in sport psychology despite their inherent limitations (e.g., unaccounted baseline differences). Founded on the nature of group goals in team sports, we aimed at developing the Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire (PPTSQ) to capture the team members' perception of their team's performance. Accordingly, three dimensions were hypothesized: , and . To measure these dimensions, items were generated to address the players' perception of their team performance as a whole. Four samples of athletes were used to test the psychometric properties of the PPTSQ: professional ( = 231), collegiate ( = 222), professional-retest ( = 89), and mixed professional-collegiate ( = 139). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to estimate construct and content validities. These procedures revealed a better data fit to a two-dimensional model that consists of effort investment and perceived outcome. The reliability analyses for the PPTSQ provide satisfactory evidence that the questionnaire is a reliable measure of perceived performance in team sport. Adequate internal consistency emerged for both dimensions (0.75 < ω < 0.89). Furthermore, a high correlation was obtained for temporal stability. Concurrent validity was addressed by correlating the PPTSQ scores with the Group Environment Questionnaire and the Team Assessment Diagnostic Instrument. Correlational analysis between the PPTSQ and an objective measure of performance was used to test its predictive validity. The correlations strongly support the concurrent and predictive validities of the PPTSQ. We conclude that our perceived performance questionnaire can address various objective measures shortcomings (e.g., considering base-rate biases) resulting in a more meaningful team performance metric. Implication of the PPTSQ for sport psychology research and applied work enhancement are discussed in detail.
尽管客观绩效指标存在固有限制（例如未考虑到的基线差异），但在运动心理学中仍被广泛使用。基于团队运动中团队目标的性质，我们旨在开发团队运动感知绩效问卷（PPTSQ），以捕捉团队成员对其团队绩效的感知。因此，假设了三个维度： ， 和 。为了测量这些维度，生成了一些项目来解决运动员对其团队整体绩效的感知。使用了四个运动员样本对PPTSQ的心理测量特性进行测试：职业运动员（ = 231）、大学生运动员（ = 222）、职业运动员重测样本（ = 89）和职业与大学生混合样本（ = 139）。使用探索性和验证性因素分析来估计结构效度和内容效度。这些程序表明，数据与由努力投入和感知结果组成的二维模型拟合得更好。PPTSQ的信度分析提供了令人满意的证据，表明该问卷是团队运动中感知绩效的可靠测量工具。两个维度都呈现出足够的内部一致性（0.75 < ω < 0.89）。此外，在时间稳定性方面获得了高度相关性。通过将PPTSQ分数与团队环境问卷和团队评估诊断工具进行关联来解决同时效度问题。使用PPTSQ与客观绩效指标之间的相关性分析来测试其预测效度。这些相关性有力地支持了PPTSQ的同时效度和预测效度。我们得出结论，我们的感知绩效问卷可以解决各种客观指标的缺点（例如考虑基础比率偏差），从而产生更有意义的团队绩效指标。详细讨论了PPTSQ对运动心理学研究和应用工作改进的意义。
