重返运动恐惧量表（FRESS）：一种用于受伤的职业或业余运动员康复过程中的新工具。
Fear of Return to Sport Scale (FRESS): a new instrument for use in injured professional or recreational athletes in rehabilitation.
作者信息
Kalatakis-Dos-Santos Artur Eduardo, de Paula Gomes Cid André Fidelis, Pontes-Silva André, Mendes Leticia Padilha, de Oliveira Simões Gabriel, Gonçalves Maria Cláudia, de Oliveira Pires Flavio, Bassi-Dibai Daniela, Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira
机构信息
Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
出版信息
Sport Sci Health. 2022 Aug 5:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11332-022-00975-4.
OBJECTIVE
To create, develop, and validate the Fear of Return to Sport Scale (FRESS) for injured professional or recreational athletes in rehabilitation.
METHODS
This is a questionnaire validation study. To determine the structural and construct validity, 192 injured professional or recreational athletes of different sports modalities were included. We used a subsample with 32 participants to analyze test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Main outcome measures were the FRESS, Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale (PCTS), Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain Questionnaire for athletes (SEFIP-sport), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
RESULTS
Initially, 25 questions were proposed by the specialists. Of these, 4 questions were excluded due to similarity with others. After applying the content validity coefficient, 8 questions were excluded for presenting a value lower than 0.80, leaving 13 items. The exploratory factor analysis identified the one-dimensional structure of the FRESS with 13 items. However, five items were excluded for presenting high covariance with the error of several other FRESS items in the confirmatory factor analysis. Thus, the final version of the FRESS was defined with one domain and eight items. Regarding the construct validity, we observed a magnitude of correlation varying between 0.257 and 0.470 between the FRESS and the instruments used here. We observed adequate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.896) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.868). Ceiling and floor effects were not observed.
CONCLUSION
The FRESS with one domain and eight items has acceptable measurement properties and its use in clinical and sports environments to measure the fear of returning to sport in injured professional or recreational athletes is supported.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11332-022-00975-4.
目的
创建、开发并验证用于康复期受伤职业或业余运动员的重返运动恐惧量表（FRESS）。
方法
这是一项问卷验证研究。为确定结构效度和构想效度，纳入了192名不同运动项目的受伤职业或业余运动员。我们使用了一个包含32名参与者的子样本分析重测信度和内部一致性。主要结局指标为FRESS、数字疼痛量表（NPS）、疼痛灾难化思维量表（PCTS）、运动员因疼痛导致的自我估计功能障碍问卷（SEFIP-sport）以及医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。
结果
最初，专家提出了25个问题。其中，4个问题因与其他问题相似而被排除。应用内容效度系数后，8个问题因效度值低于0.80而被排除，最终保留13个条目。探索性因素分析确定了FRESS的13个条目的单维结构。然而，在验证性因素分析中，有5个条目因与其他几个FRESS条目误差的高协方差而被排除。因此，FRESS的最终版本定义为一个维度和8个条目。关于构想效度，我们观察到FRESS与这里使用的工具之间的相关系数在0.257至0.470之间。我们观察到了足够的重测信度（组内相关系数=0.896）和内部一致性（Cronbach's α=0.868）。未观察到天花板效应和地板效应。
结论
具有一个维度和8个条目的FRESS具有可接受的测量属性，支持其在临床和运动环境中用于测量受伤职业或业余运动员重返运动的恐惧。
补充信息
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11332-022-00975-4获取的补充材料。
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