Wang Faheng, Du Yuanbo, Jiao Da, Zhang Jian, Zhang Yuan, Liu Zengqian, Zhang Zhefeng
Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China.
Nano Science and Technology Institute University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou 215123 China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Dec 23;8(3):2000096. doi: 10.1002/advs.202000096. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Taking lessons from nature offers an increasing promise toward improved performance in man-made materials. Here new cement materials with unidirectionally porous architectures are developed by replicating the designs of natural wood using a simplified ice-templating technique in light of the retention of ice-templated architectures by utilizing the self-hardening nature of cement. The wood-like cement exhibits higher strengths at equal densities than other porous cement-based materials along with unique multifunctional properties, including effective thermal insulation at the transverse profile, controllable water permeability along the vertical direction, and the easy adjustment to be water repulsive by hydrophobic treatment. The strengths are quantitatively interpreted by discerning the effects of differing types of pores using an equivalent element approach. The simultaneous achievement of high strength and multifunctionality makes the wood-like cement promising for applications as new building materials, and verifies the effectiveness of wood-mimetic designs in creating new high-performance materials. The simple fabrication procedure by omitting the freeze-drying treatment can also promote a better efficiency of ice-templating technique for the mass production in engineering and may be extended to other material systems.
从自然中汲取经验为改善人造材料的性能带来了越来越大的希望。在此，通过利用水泥的自硬化特性保留冰模板结构，采用简化的冰模板技术复制天然木材的设计，开发出具有单向多孔结构的新型水泥材料。与其他多孔水泥基材料相比，这种类木水泥在相同密度下具有更高的强度，同时还具有独特的多功能特性，包括横向剖面的有效隔热、沿垂直方向可控的透水性以及通过疏水处理易于调整为斥水性能。通过使用等效单元方法识别不同类型孔隙的影响，对强度进行了定量解释。高强度和多功能性的同时实现使得类木水泥有望成为新型建筑材料，并验证了仿生木材设计在创造新型高性能材料方面的有效性。省略冷冻干燥处理的简单制造工艺还可以提高冰模板技术在工程大规模生产中的效率，并且可能扩展到其他材料系统。
