Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(19):5267-5283. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883548. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Population growth directly affects the global food supply, demanding a higher production efficiency without farmland expansion - in view of limited land resources and biodiversity loss worldwide. In such scenario, intensive agriculture practices have been widely used. A commonly applied method to maximize yield in animal production is the use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics as growth promoters. Because of the strong antibiotic selection pressure generated, the intense use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been associated to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Also, cross-resistance can occur, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limiting treatment options in both human and animal health. Thereon, alternatives have been studied to replace AGP in animal production. Among such alternatives, essential oils and essential oil components (EOC) stand out positively from others due to, besides antimicrobial effectiveness, improving zootechnical indexes and modulating genes involved in resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes recent studies in essential oils and EOC for zoonotic bacteria control, providing detailed information about the molecular-level effects of their use in regard to AMR, and identifying important gaps to be filled within the animal production area.
人口增长直接影响全球粮食供应，需要在不扩大农田的情况下提高生产效率——考虑到全球有限的土地资源和生物多样性丧失。在这种情况下，密集型农业实践得到了广泛应用。在动物生产中，提高产量的常用方法是使用亚治疗剂量的抗生素作为生长促进剂。由于产生了强烈的抗生素选择压力，抗生素生长促进剂（AGP）的大量使用与抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）的上升有关。此外，还会发生交叉耐药性，导致多药耐药病原体的出现，并限制人类和动物健康中的治疗选择。因此，人们研究了替代抗生素生长促进剂在动物生产中的应用。在这些替代品中，精油及其成分（EOC）由于除了具有抗菌效果外，还能提高畜牧指数和调节与耐药机制相关的基因，因此与其他替代品相比具有积极意义。本文综述了精油和 EOC 用于控制人畜共患细菌的最新研究，详细介绍了其在抗微生物药物耐药性方面的分子水平作用的信息，并确定了动物生产领域需要填补的重要空白。
