Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasgangothri, Mysore, 570006, India.
J Fluency Disord. 2021 Jun;68:105829. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105829. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Bilingual(s) who stutter (BWS) provide an opportunity to explore the link between stuttering and language. Unlike in monolinguals, stuttering in bilinguals could be influenced by both speaker-related language (e.gs. dominance & proficiency) and linguistic typology-related factors (e.g., structure of languages). However, the available literature is largely inconclusive on these factors. In this context, we systematically reviewed the literature to compile evidence on the influence of such factors on BWS.
We followed the conventional systematic review process that included five databases. Further, the quality of the included articles was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for quality rating.
Thirteen articles passed the selection criteria. Review of these articles revealed that language proficiency and dominance are the important factors that affect stuttering frequency in BWS. Though the linguistic typology is portrayed as a factor on the differential manifestation of dysfluencies in both languages of the BWS, the literature does not provide substantiating data for this. Further, the lack of uniformity in assessing and reporting language dominance and proficiency are the major drawbacks in the existing literature on stuttering in BWS.
This review identifies proficiency and dominance as the major factors that influence the stuttering frequency in BWS. Currently, the evidence for the influence of typological differences between languages of the BWS on stuttering largely remains whimsical. Future research shall employ the recommended tasks and metrics while assessing the dysfluencies in BWS so that findings across centres become comparable, which in turn, could yield valid inferences.
口吃的双语者（BWS）为探索口吃与语言之间的联系提供了机会。与单语者不同，双语者的口吃可能受到与说话者相关的语言（例如主导性和熟练程度）和与语言类型学相关的因素（例如语言结构）的影响。然而，现有文献在这些因素上的结论并不一致。在这种情况下，我们系统地回顾了文献，以汇编关于这些因素对口吃双语者影响的证据。
我们遵循了常规的系统综述过程，包括五个数据库。此外，还使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对纳入文章的质量进行了评估。
有 13 篇文章通过了选择标准。对这些文章的回顾表明，语言熟练程度和主导性是影响 BWS 口吃频率的重要因素。尽管语言类型学被描绘为影响 BWS 两种语言中不流畅表现的差异的因素，但文献并没有提供支持这一观点的数据。此外，在评估和报告语言主导性和熟练程度方面缺乏一致性是口吃双语者现有文献的主要缺陷。
本综述确定了熟练程度和主导性是影响 BWS 口吃频率的主要因素。目前，关于 BWS 两种语言之间类型学差异对口吃影响的证据在很大程度上仍然是想象性的。未来的研究应在评估 BWS 中的不流畅性时采用建议的任务和指标，以便各中心的研究结果具有可比性，从而得出有效的推断。
