Centro de Investigação da Academia da Força Aérea, Academia da Força Aérea, Instituto Universitário Militar, Granja do Marquês, 2715-021 Pêro Pinheiro, Portugal.
Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Feb 4;21(4):1051. doi: 10.3390/s21041051.
In the last decade, the development of more compact and lightweight radiation detection systems led to their application in handheld and small unmanned systems, particularly air-based platforms. Examples of improvements are: the use of silicon photomultiplier-based scintillators, new scintillating crystals, compact dual-mode detectors (gamma/neutron), data fusion, mobile sensor networks, cooperative detection and search. Gamma cameras and dual-particle cameras are increasingly being used for source location. This study reviews and discusses the research advancements in the field of gamma-ray and neutron measurements using mobile radiation detection systems since the Fukushima nuclear accident. Four scenarios are considered: radiological and nuclear accidents and emergencies; illicit traffic of special nuclear materials and radioactive materials; nuclear, accelerator, targets, and irradiation facilities; and naturally occurring radioactive materials monitoring-related activities. The work presented in this paper aims to: compile and review information on the radiation detection systems, contextual sensors and platforms used for each scenario; assess their advantages and limitations, looking prospectively to new research and challenges in the field; and support the decision making of national radioprotection agencies and response teams in respect to adequate detection system for each scenario. For that, an extensive literature review was conducted.
在过去的十年中，更紧凑、更轻量的辐射探测系统的发展使得它们能够应用于手持和小型无人系统，特别是空中平台。改进的例子包括：使用基于硅光电倍增器的闪烁体、新型闪烁晶体、紧凑型双模探测器（伽马/中子）、数据融合、移动传感器网络、协同检测和搜索。伽马相机和双粒子相机越来越多地用于源定位。本研究回顾和讨论了自福岛核事故以来使用移动辐射探测系统进行伽马射线和中子测量的研究进展。考虑了四种情况：放射性和核事故及紧急情况；特殊核材料和放射性材料的非法贩运；核、加速器、靶场和辐照设施；以及天然放射性材料监测相关活动。本文的工作旨在：编译和审查用于每种情况的辐射探测系统、上下文传感器和平台的信息；评估它们的优缺点，前瞻性地研究该领域的新研究和挑战；并为国家辐射防护机构和应对团队在每个场景中选择适当的探测系统提供决策支持。为此，进行了广泛的文献综述。
