Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Nightingale Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Chronobiol Int. 2021 May;38(5):720-731. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1876721. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
The evening type has been associated with unhealthy behaviors and adverse health outcomes, such as unhealthy dietary habits and obesity. Misalignment between biological and social rhythms, referred to as social jet lag (SJL), has been considered to explain these outcomes, because evening types are more prone to SJL. However, the existing evidence has been inconsistent and SJL by diurnal preference has hardly been examined. We examined the associations between SJL, the quality of the diet, and the prevalence of obesity by diurnal preference. This dataset included 6779 Finns (55% women, aged 25-74 years) from the National FINRISK 2012 and DILGOM 2014 studies. Diurnal preference was assessed with a shortened version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). SJL was calculated with the sleep-corrected formula (SJL). SJL was divided into three groups by the degree of SJL (<1h, ≥1h but <2h and ≥2h). The dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the quality of the diet with the Baltic Sea Diet Score. Body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post-hoc tests and logistic regression models were used to analyze the differences between the lowest and the highest SJL groups by diurnal preference. In the highest SJL group (≥2h), there were more evening types than morning types (7%-points, < .001). Overall, those in the highest SJL group were on average younger than those in the lowest SJL group (< .001). Also, those in the highest SJL group tended to have lower adherence to the Baltic Sea Diet compared to the participants in the lowest SJL group, but this difference reached significance only in morning types ( = .006). Furthermore, morning types in the highest SJL group had higher BMI and WC compared to the morning types in the lowest SJL group (BMI, = .016; WC, = .012). In conclusion, evening types had on average more SJL than morning types, but the degree of SJL was associated with the quality of the diet and obesity only in the morning types.
夜间型已与不健康的行为和不良健康结果相关联，例如不健康的饮食习惯和肥胖。生物和社会节律之间的不匹配，称为社会时差（SJL），被认为可以解释这些结果，因为夜间型更容易出现 SJL。然而，现有的证据并不一致，而且很少有关于昼夜偏好的 SJL 研究。我们通过昼夜偏好检查了 SJL、饮食质量和肥胖流行率之间的关联。该数据集包括来自 2012 年全国 FINRISK 和 2014 年 DILGOM 研究的 6779 名芬兰人（55%为女性，年龄 25-74 岁）。昼夜偏好使用简化版的 Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire（MEQ）进行评估。SJL 是通过睡眠校正公式（SJL）计算的。根据 SJL 的程度将 SJL 分为三组（<1h、≥1h 但 <2h 和≥2h）。饮食摄入量使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）进行评估，饮食质量使用波罗的海饮食评分进行评估。体重、身高和腰围（WC）进行了测量，并计算了体重指数（BMI）（kg/m）。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA），然后进行 Bonferroni 多重比较事后检验和逻辑回归模型，分析昼夜偏好最低和最高 SJL 组之间的差异。在最高 SJL 组（≥2h）中，夜间型比早晨型多（7%，<.001）。总体而言，最高 SJL 组的平均年龄比最低 SJL 组小（<.001）。此外，与最低 SJL 组相比，最高 SJL 组的参与者对波罗的海饮食的依从性较低，但这种差异仅在早晨型中具有统计学意义（=0.006）。此外，最高 SJL 组的早晨型的 BMI 和 WC 高于最低 SJL 组的早晨型（BMI，=0.016；WC，=0.012）。总之，夜间型的平均 SJL 比早晨型多，但 SJL 的程度仅与早晨型的饮食质量和肥胖有关。
