Verdelho Machado Mariana
Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, 2600-009 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 12;16(24):4294. doi: 10.3390/nu16244294.
Earth's rotation around its axis has pressured its inhabitants to adapt to 24 h cycles of day and night. Humans adapted their own circadian rhythms to the Earth's rhythms with a light-aligned awake-sleep cycle. As a consequence, metabolism undergoes drastic changes throughout the circadian cycle and needs plasticity to cope with opposing conditions in the day (when there is an increase in energy demands and food availability), and during the night (when prolonged fasting couples with cyclic changes in the energy demands across the sleep stages). In the last century, human behavior changed dramatically with a disregard for the natural circadian cycles. This misalignment in sleep and eating schedules strongly modulates the metabolism and energy homeostasis, favoring the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review summarizes the effects of circadian disruption, with a particular focus on the feeding and sleep cycles in the development of MASLD and hepatocellular carcinoma.
地球绕轴自转迫使地球上的生物适应昼夜交替的24小时周期。人类通过与光线同步的清醒-睡眠周期，使自身的昼夜节律适应了地球的节律。因此，新陈代谢在整个昼夜周期中会发生剧烈变化，并且需要具有可塑性以应对白天（能量需求和食物供应增加时）和夜间（长时间禁食与睡眠各阶段能量需求的周期性变化相结合时）的不同状况。在过去的一个世纪里，人类行为发生了巨大变化，对自然昼夜周期置若罔闻。睡眠和饮食时间表的这种失调强烈地调节着新陈代谢和能量稳态，助长了肥胖症、代谢综合征以及代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）的发展。这篇综述总结了昼夜节律紊乱的影响，特别关注了MASLD和肝细胞癌发展过程中的进食和睡眠周期。
