Independent Scholar, USA.
Harvard Medical School, USA.
Hist Sci. 2021 Dec;59(4):407-433. doi: 10.1177/0073275320987417. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
We identified nearly 180 Black women who earned medical degrees prior to the start of the Second World War and found information regarding their family and social connections, premedical and medical educations, and internship experience or lack thereof for many of these women. Through their collective history, we observed large-scale trends, especially regarding the importance of "separatist" medical education and declining medical school attendance among African American women in the 1910s as medicine became an increasingly exclusionary profession. While our research uncovered trends specific to Black women physicians, the implications of our research can be applied far more widely to other historically marginalized scientific practitioners. This research reminds us of the longstanding and shifting presence of Black women in science and medicine, despite the enduring popular belief that white men represent who participates in science, both historically and today.
我们确定了近 180 名在第二次世界大战开始前获得医学学位的黑人女性，并找到了有关她们家庭和社会关系、医学预科和医学教育以及许多女性实习经历或缺乏实习经历的信息。通过她们的集体历史，我们观察到了大规模的趋势，特别是在 20 世纪 10 年代，随着医学成为一个日益排外的职业，“分离主义”医学教育和非裔美国女性医学院入学率下降的重要性。虽然我们的研究揭示了黑人女医生特有的趋势，但我们的研究结果可以更广泛地应用于其他历史上被边缘化的科学从业者。这项研究提醒我们，尽管人们普遍认为，无论是在历史上还是今天，白人男性代表着参与科学的人，但黑人女性在科学和医学领域的长期存在和不断变化。
