INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina.
CIQUIBIC (CONICET), Departamento de Quimica Biologica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina.
Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(26):5339-5367. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666210208111234.
Photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological, cardiovascular, dermatological, infectious, and ophthalmic diseases. Photodynamic therapy combines the action of a photosensitizer with light in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species, capable of reacting with cellular components, resulting in injury and, consequently, inducing cellular death. Phthalocyanines are considered good photosensitizers, although most of them are lipophilic, difficulting their administration for clinical use. A strategy to overcome the lack of solubility of phthalocyanines in aqueous media is to incorporate them into different delivery systems. The present review aimed to summarize the current status of the main drug delivery systems used for Zn and Al phthalocyanines and their effect in photodynamic therapy, reported in the last five years. Liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and goldnanoparticles constituted some of the most used carriers and were discussed in this review. The latest studies reported strongly suggest that the application of nanotechnologies as delivery systems allows an increase in photodynamic therapy efficacy and reduces side-effects associated with the phthalocyanine administration, which represents a hope for cancer treatments.
光动力疗法已成为治疗肿瘤、心血管、皮肤病、传染病和眼病的有效治疗方法。光动力疗法将光敏剂与氧存在下的光结合使用，产生具有反应性的氧物种，能够与细胞成分反应，导致损伤，从而诱导细胞死亡。酞菁类被认为是很好的光敏剂，尽管它们大多数都是亲脂性的，难以用于临床。克服酞菁在水介质中溶解度不足的策略是将其纳入不同的递药系统。本综述旨在总结过去五年报道的用于锌和铝酞菁的主要药物递药系统的现状及其在光动力疗法中的作用。脂质体、聚合物胶束、聚合物纳米粒和金纳米粒是一些最常用的载体，并在本综述中进行了讨论。最近的研究报告强烈表明，将纳米技术作为递药系统的应用可以提高光动力疗法的疗效，并降低与酞菁给药相关的副作用，这为癌症治疗带来了希望。
