Wang Siqi, McCoy Colin P, Li Peifeng, Li Yining, Zhao Yinghan, Andrews Gavin P, Wylie Matthew P, Ge Yi
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jul 25;14(15):1250. doi: 10.3390/nano14151250.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents an escalating global challenge as conventional antibiotic treatments become less effective. In response, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising alternatives. While rooted in ancient practices, these methods have evolved with modern innovations, particularly through the integration of lasers, refining their efficacy. PDT harnesses photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are detrimental to microbial cells, whereas PTT relies on heat to induce cellular damage. The key to their effectiveness lies in the utilization of photosensitizers, especially when integrated into nano- or micron-scale supports, which amplify ROS production and enhance antimicrobial activity. Over the last decade, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a highly promising nanomaterial, attracting increasing attention owing to their distinctive properties and versatile applications, including PDT and PTT. They can not only function as photosensitizers, but also synergistically combine with other photosensitizers to enhance overall efficacy. This review explores the recent advancements in CDs, underscoring their significance and potential in reshaping advanced antimicrobial therapeutics.
随着传统抗生素治疗效果越来越差，抗菌耐药性（AMR）成为一个日益严峻的全球性挑战。作为应对措施，光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT）已成为有前景的替代方法。虽然这些方法起源于古老的实践，但随着现代创新，特别是通过激光的整合，它们不断发展，提高了疗效。PDT利用光敏剂产生活性氧（ROS），对微生物细胞有害，而PTT则依靠热量诱导细胞损伤。它们有效性的关键在于光敏剂的利用，特别是当整合到纳米或微米级载体中时，这会放大ROS的产生并增强抗菌活性。在过去十年中，碳点（CDs）已成为一种非常有前景的纳米材料，由于其独特的性质和广泛的应用，包括PDT和PTT，受到越来越多的关注。它们不仅可以作为光敏剂发挥作用，还可以与其他光敏剂协同结合以提高整体疗效。本综述探讨了CDs的最新进展，强调了它们在重塑先进抗菌治疗方法方面的重要性和潜力。
