Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Apr 9;31(4):1286-1292. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.002. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) behaviors in adolescents are defined by body mass index (BMI), diet, physical activity and smoking, and are directly associated with better health in later life. To further improve health prevention programs we investigated the prevalence of these behaviors in a cohort of healthy adolescents and focused on the associations with sex, age, and education.
The Early Vascular Aging Tyrol study is a cross-sectional study assessing 14- to 19-year-old pupils and apprentices in Western Austria and South Tyrol. Between May 2015 and July 2018 2047 adolescents (43.6% males, mean age 16.4 years) with complete data for all 4 health behaviors were included. The prevalence of ideal body mass index (BMI) was 78.3%, of ideal physical activity 42.5%, of non-smoking 70.4% and of ideal diet 8.1%. Females showed a higher smoking prevalence and a lower physical activity, but better dietary habits than males. Older adolescents of both sexes had lower prevalence of ideal smoking and diet. Apprentices and pupils of vocational schools had a higher BMI and a less favorable diet compared to secondary academic school students. Smoking prevalence was highest in apprentices. Non-ideal BMI was independently associated with smoking.
In our cohort, only a minority showed ideal CVH behaviors which were best in adolescents younger than 16 years. We observed significant differences between males and females and a clear impact of school education with apprentices being at risk for non-ideal CVH behaviors.
NCT03929692, clinicaltrials.gov.
青少年的理想心血管健康（CVH）行为由体重指数（BMI）、饮食、身体活动和吸烟定义，与晚年更好的健康直接相关。为了进一步改善健康预防计划，我们调查了一组健康青少年的这些行为的流行情况，并重点研究了这些行为与性别、年龄和教育的关联。
早期血管老化蒂罗尔研究是一项横断面研究，评估了奥地利西部和南蒂罗尔的 14 至 19 岁的学生和学徒。在 2015 年 5 月至 2018 年 7 月期间，共有 2047 名青少年（43.6%为男性，平均年龄为 16.4 岁）完成了所有 4 项健康行为的完整数据，包括理想的体重指数（BMI）、理想的身体活动、不吸烟和理想的饮食。女性的吸烟率较高，身体活动水平较低，但饮食习惯较好。男女青少年的年龄越大，理想吸烟和饮食的比例越低。职业学校的学徒和学生与中等学术学校的学生相比，BMI 较高，饮食较差。吸烟的流行率在学徒中最高。非理想的 BMI 与吸烟独立相关。
在我们的队列中，只有少数人表现出理想的 CVH 行为，在 16 岁以下的青少年中表现最佳。我们观察到男性和女性之间存在显著差异，学校教育也有明显影响，学徒面临非理想 CVH 行为的风险。
NCT03929692，clinicaltrials.gov。
