Mu Zekun, Haynes Barton F, Cain Derek W
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 7;9(2):134. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020134.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行让全世界认识了一种基于包裹在脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）中的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的新型疫苗。基于mRNA的疫苗并非直接递送抗原蛋白，而是依靠宿主细胞制造蛋白质免疫原，而这些免疫原反过来又成为抗体和细胞毒性T细胞反应的靶点。作为预防或治疗多种癌症、淀粉样变性和传染病的一个平台，基于mRNA的疫苗已经成为三十多年来的研究对象。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于生成针对HIV的预防性和治疗性疫苗的基于mRNA的方法。我们研究了疫苗引发广泛中和抗体以及对HIV产生有效T细胞反应所面临的特殊免疫障碍。最后，我们概述了一种基于广泛中和抗体产生的免疫生物学的基于mRNA的HIV疫苗接种策略。
