Independent Researcher, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland.
Independent Researcher, London SW1A2JR, UK.
Med Sci (Basel). 2024 Jul 18;12(3):33. doi: 10.3390/medsci12030033.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerful ability to mutate and hide from the human immune system in reservoirs of the body. Current standard treatment with antiretroviral therapy effectively controls viral replication but requires lifelong adherence and does not eradicate the virus. This review explores the potential of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as novel therapeutic approaches to HIV, including cell therapy, immunisation strategies and gene therapy. Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, shows promise in preclinical studies for targeting and eliminating HIV-infected cells. Immunisation therapies, such as broadly neutralising antibodies are being investigated to control viral replication and reduce reservoirs. Despite setbacks in recent trials, vaccines remain a promising avenue for HIV therapy development. Gene therapy using technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 aims to modify cells to resist HIV infection or eliminate infected cells. Challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency and ethical considerations persist in gene therapy for HIV. Future directions require further research to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging therapies in clinical trials. Combined approaches may be necessary to achieve complete elimination of the HIV reservoir. Overall, advanced therapies offer new hope for advancing HIV treatment and moving closer to a cure.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）仍然是一个重大的全球健康挑战，目前全球约有 3800 万人携带该病毒。尽管在治疗开发方面取得了进展，但该病毒仍在人群中存在，并导致新的感染。该病毒具有强大的变异能力，并能在体内的储库中躲避人体免疫系统。目前，抗逆转录病毒疗法的标准治疗有效地控制了病毒复制，但需要终身坚持，并不能根除病毒。本综述探讨了高级治疗药物产品作为 HIV 新型治疗方法的潜力，包括细胞疗法、免疫策略和基因疗法。细胞疗法，特别是嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法，在临床前研究中显示出靶向和消除 HIV 感染细胞的潜力。免疫疗法，如广泛中和抗体，正在被研究用于控制病毒复制和减少病毒储存库。尽管最近的试验遭遇挫折，但疫苗仍然是 HIV 治疗开发的一个有前途的途径。使用 CRISPR/Cas9 等技术的基因疗法旨在修饰细胞以抵抗 HIV 感染或消除感染细胞。基因疗法在 HIV 方面仍存在脱靶效应、递送效率和伦理考虑等挑战。未来的方向需要进一步研究，以评估新兴疗法在临床试验中的安全性和疗效。可能需要联合治疗方法来实现 HIV 储存库的完全消除。总的来说，高级疗法为推进 HIV 治疗和更接近治愈提供了新的希望。
