Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Gerontologist. 2022 Jul 15;62(6):e340-e356. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnab019.
There has been a proliferation of research on dementia-friendly communities in recent years, particularly on interpersonal and social aspects. Nonetheless, the neighborhood built environment remains a co-constituent of the lived experience of people living with dementia (PLWD) that is amenable to interventions for health and well-being in the community. This scoping review presents a narrative synthesis of empirical research on dementia-friendly neighborhoods, with a focus on the built environment and its associated sociobehavioral aspects. Planning and design principles are distilled to identify research and policy implications.
We reviewed 29 articles identified through a systematic search of AgeLine, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scopus. Peer-reviewed articles that employed quantitative and/or qualitative methods in community settings were included.
An equal number of studies focused on behavioral/psychosocial aspects of the built environment and assessment of specific environmental features. The former often used qualitative methods, whereas statistical methods were common in studies on discrete features of the neighborhood built environment. Few studies focused on rural contexts. Emerging research areas include interactions between dementia risk factors and neighborhood environments to support primary and secondary prevention.
The body of literature needs expansion into planning and design fields to foster community participation of PLWD by optimizing environmental stimuli, minimizing environmental barriers, and engaging PLWD in dementia-friendly community initiatives. While evidence has accumulated on landmarks and social participation at the individual level, research at the community and policy levels is limited. This requires advanced mixed methods.
近年来，关于痴呆症友好社区的研究大量涌现，尤其是在人际关系和社会方面。然而，邻里的建成环境仍然是痴呆症患者（PLWD）生活体验的共同构成要素，这是可以通过干预措施来改善社区健康和福祉的。本范围综述对痴呆症友好社区的实证研究进行了叙述性综合，重点关注建成环境及其相关的社会行为方面。提炼了规划和设计原则，以确定研究和政策意义。
我们通过系统检索 AgeLine、PsycINFO、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature、Global Health、Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online 和 Scopus，共检索到 29 篇文章。纳入了在社区环境中采用定量和/或定性方法的同行评议文章。
同等数量的研究关注建成环境的行为/心理社会方面和特定环境特征的评估。前者经常使用定性方法，而关于邻里建成环境离散特征的研究则常用统计方法。很少有研究关注农村环境。新兴的研究领域包括痴呆症风险因素与邻里环境之间的相互作用，以支持一级和二级预防。
文献的主体需要扩展到规划和设计领域，通过优化环境刺激、最小化环境障碍以及让 PLWD 参与痴呆症友好社区倡议，来促进 PLWD 的社区参与。虽然在个体层面上关于地标和社会参与的证据已经积累，但在社区和政策层面的研究有限。这需要高级的混合方法。
