将香烟销售法定年龄从18岁提高到21岁，目标人群会是谁？一项探索英格兰吸烟者数量及特征的横断面研究。

Who would be targeted by increasing the legal age of sale of cigarettes from 18 to 21? A cross-sectional study exploring the number and characteristics of smokers in England.

作者信息

Beard Emma, Brown Jamie, Jackson Sarah E, West Robert, Anderson Will, Arnott Deborah, Shahab Lion

机构信息

Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.

Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), London, UK.

出版信息

Addiction. 2021 Aug;116(8):2187-2197. doi: 10.1111/add.15421. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

DOI:10.1111/add.15421

PMID:33565612

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8436755/

Abstract

AIMS

To establish the number of smokers in England who would be targeted by increasing the age of sale of cigarettes from 18 to 21 years and to assess the smoking and socio-demographic profile of those smokers.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Nationally representative cross-sectional survey of adults in England conducted between January 2009 and July 2019.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 219 720 adults.

MEASUREMENTS

All participants reported their current smoking status and socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, home ownership, social grade and ethnicity). Smokers reported motivation to quit, urges to smoke and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HIS). Weighted prevalence statistics were calculated. Multinomial regression and logistic regression were used to assess differences in smoking characteristics among smokers and socio-demographic characteristics relative to non-smokers.

FINDINGS

The prevalence of smoking between January 2009 and July 2019 was highest among those aged 21-30. In 2019, 15.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.8-18.8%] of 18-20-year-olds reported smoking, which is estimated to represent 364 000 individuals in England. Relative to smokers aged 18-20, older smokers (aged 21+) had a higher motivation to quit smoking [odds ratios (ORs) = 1.40-1.45 range] and higher nicotine dependency as measured by urges to smoke (ORs = 1.06-1.24 range) and HSI (ORs = 1.05-2.85 range). Compared with non-smokers aged 18-20, smokers in this age group had lower odds of being female (OR = 0.89) and higher odds of being of white ethnicity (OR = 2.78) and from social grades C1-E (lower social grades) compared with AB (higher social grades) (OR = 1.19-1.83 range).

CONCLUSION

Increasing the age of sale of cigarettes to 21 years in England would currently target approximately 364 000 lower dependent smokers from more disadvantaged backgrounds aged 18-20, who have less motivation to quit.

摘要

目的

确定在英格兰，将香烟销售年龄从18岁提高到21岁会针对的吸烟者数量，并评估这些吸烟者的吸烟情况及社会人口学特征。

设计与背景

2009年1月至2019年7月在英格兰对成年人进行的具有全国代表性的横断面调查。

参与者

总共219720名成年人。

测量方法

所有参与者报告其当前吸烟状况及社会人口学特征（即年龄、性别、房屋所有权、社会阶层和种族）。吸烟者报告戒烟动机、吸烟冲动及吸烟强度指数（HSI）。计算加权患病率统计数据。采用多项回归和逻辑回归评估吸烟者之间吸烟特征的差异以及相对于非吸烟者的社会人口学特征差异。

研究结果

2009年1月至2019年7月期间，吸烟率在21至30岁人群中最高。2019年，18至20岁人群中有15.6%[95%置信区间（CI）=12.8 - 18.8%]报告吸烟，据估计这在英格兰代表36.4万人。相对于18至20岁的吸烟者，年龄较大的吸烟者（21岁及以上）有更高的戒烟动机[优势比（OR）范围为1.40 - 1.45]，并且根据吸烟冲动（OR范围为1.06 - 1.24）和HSI（OR范围为1.05 - 2.85）测量，有更高的尼古丁依赖性。与18至20岁的非吸烟者相比，该年龄组的吸烟者为女性的几率较低（OR = 0.89），与AB（较高社会阶层）相比，属于白人种族（OR = 2.78）以及来自社会阶层C1 - E（较低社会阶层）的几率较高（OR范围为1.19 - 1.83）。