Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302, India.
Biol Chem. 2021 Feb 11;402(5):617-636. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0324. Print 2021 Apr 27.
RecQ helicases are a highly conserved class of DNA helicases that play crucial role in almost all DNA metabolic processes including replication, repair and recombination. They are able to unwind a wide variety of complex intermediate DNA structures that may result from cellular DNA transactions and hence assist in maintaining genome integrity. Interestingly, a huge number of recent reports suggest that many of the RecQ family helicases are directly or indirectly involved in regulating transcription and gene expression. On one hand, they can remove complex structures like R-loops, G-quadruplexes or RNA:DNA hybrids formed at the intersection of transcription and replication. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that they can also regulate transcription by directly interacting with RNA polymerase or recruiting other protein factors that may regulate transcription. This review summarizes the up to date knowledge on the involvement of three human RecQ family proteins BLM, WRN and RECQL5 in transcription regulation and management of transcription associated stress.
RecQ 解旋酶是高度保守的 DNA 解旋酶家族，在几乎所有的 DNA 代谢过程中发挥着关键作用，包括复制、修复和重组。它们能够解开多种复杂的中间 DNA 结构，这些结构可能是细胞 DNA 交易的结果，因此有助于维持基因组的完整性。有趣的是，大量最近的报告表明，许多 RecQ 家族解旋酶直接或间接参与转录和基因表达的调控。一方面，它们可以去除转录和复制交叉点形成的 R 环、G-四联体或 RNA:DNA 杂交等复杂结构。另一方面，新出现的证据表明，它们还可以通过与 RNA 聚合酶直接相互作用或招募其他可能调节转录的蛋白因子来调节转录。本综述总结了目前关于三种人类 RecQ 家族蛋白 BLM、WRN 和 RECQL5 参与转录调控以及管理与转录相关的应激的最新知识。
