Dong Yan, Dai Xiaodong, Zhao Lianyu, Gao Li, Xie Zongli, Zhang Jianhua
Departmetn of Oil Engineering, Shengli College China University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, China.
YunFu (Foshan) R&D Center of Hydrogen Energy Standardization, Yunfu 527326, China.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Feb 8;11(2):122. doi: 10.3390/membranes11020122.
In this paper, the transport phenomena in four common membrane distillation (MD) configurations and three popular modelling approaches are introduced. The mechanism of heat transfer on the feed side of all configurations are the same but are distinctive from each other from the membrane interface to the bulk permeate in each configuration. Based on the features of MD configurations, the mechanisms of mass and heat transfers for four configurations are reviewed together from the bulk feed to the membrane interface on the permeate but reviewed separately from the interface to the bulk permeate. Since the temperature polarisation coefficient cannot be used to quantify the driving force polarisation in Sweeping Gas MD and Vacuum MD, the rate of driving force polarisation is proposed in this paper. The three popular modelling approaches introduced are modelling by conventional methods, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM), which are based on classic transport mechanism, computer science and mathematical statistics, respectively. The default assumptions, area for applications, advantages and disadvantages of those modelling approaches are summarised. Assessment and comparison were also conducted based on the review. Since there are only a couple of full-scale plants operating worldwide, the modelling of operational cost of MD was only briefly reviewed. Gaps and future studies were also proposed based on the current research trends, such as the emergence of new membranes, which possess the characteristics of selectivity, anti-wetting, multilayer and incorporation of inorganic particles.
本文介绍了四种常见膜蒸馏（MD）构型中的传递现象以及三种流行的建模方法。所有构型进料侧的传热机制相同，但在每种构型中，从膜界面到透过侧主体，它们彼此不同。基于MD构型的特点，对四种构型从进料主体到透过侧膜界面的传质和传热机制进行了综合综述，但从膜界面到透过侧主体则分别进行综述。由于扫气式膜蒸馏（Sweeping Gas MD）和真空膜蒸馏（Vacuum MD）中的温度极化系数无法用于量化驱动力极化，本文提出了驱动力极化速率。介绍的三种流行建模方法分别是基于经典传递机制的传统方法建模、计算流体动力学（CFD）建模和基于数理统计的响应面方法（RSM）建模。总结了这些建模方法的默认假设、应用领域、优缺点。基于综述还进行了评估和比较。由于全球范围内仅有少数几家全尺寸工厂在运行，因此仅简要回顾了膜蒸馏运行成本的建模。基于当前的研究趋势，如具有选择性、抗润湿、多层以及掺入无机颗粒等特性的新型膜的出现，也提出了研究空白和未来研究方向。
