Teketel Elizabeth Woldemariam
University of South Africa, UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa.
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021 Feb 3;15:213-226. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S278659. eCollection 2021.
Social determinants of health are understood as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that shapes health and include a domain of factors. Self-medication is influenced by these socioeconomic factors. This study, aims to quantitatively examine the relationship between these factors and the use of nonprescribed medicines and then identify which of the factors have the highest predictable value in Ethiopia.
A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, community-based research approach was used to explore the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, bivariate and regression analysis were used in the analysis.
A total of 72.2% (n=433) participants were found to have an ever experience of self-medication in their life and 35.7%) (n=214) have the practice in the last two months. Bivariate analysis showed that in the predisposing factors categories: age group (50-59) (-value=0.034); those who are knowledgeable about all drugs not to be given to nursing mother (-value=0.006); those who agree on the attitude that they would rather treat themselves than go to the nearest health facility (-value=0.000) in the enabling factors; those who were satisfied with their financial quality of life (-value=0.014) and from the need factors; those who perceived their health status as good (-value=0.000) showed a significant association. Multivariate analysis showed that age, knowledge, attitudes showed statistical significance. Also, quality of life satisfaction of enabling factors and illness in the past two months from need factors had a statistically significant effect as predictors of utilization of nonprescribed medicines.
To strategize for appropriate self-medication, interventions should focus on changing the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the specific sociodemographic factors identified in the study.
健康的社会决定因素被理解为人们出生、成长、生活、工作和衰老的环境，这些环境塑造了健康，并且包括一系列因素。自我药疗受这些社会经济因素的影响。本研究旨在定量考察这些因素与非处方药使用之间的关系，然后确定在埃塞俄比亚哪些因素具有最高的预测价值。
采用定量、描述性、横断面、基于社区的研究方法，在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴探讨自变量与因变量之间的关系。分析中使用了描述性统计、交叉表、双变量和回归分析。
共有72.2%（n = 433）的参与者一生中曾有过自我药疗经历，35.7%（n = 214）在过去两个月内有过自我药疗行为。双变量分析表明，在 predisposing 因素类别中：年龄组（50 - 59岁）（p值 = 0.034）；知晓所有禁止给哺乳期母亲使用药物的人（p值 = 0.006）；在促成因素中，那些认同宁愿自我治疗也不愿前往最近医疗机构态度的人（p值 = 0.000）；在需求因素中，对自己的财务生活质量感到满意的人（p值 = 0.014）以及认为自己健康状况良好的人（p值 = 0.000）显示出显著关联。多变量分析表明，年龄、知识、态度具有统计学意义。此外，促成因素中的生活质量满意度以及需求因素中过去两个月内的疾病作为非处方药使用的预测因素具有统计学显著影响。
为制定适当自我药疗的策略，干预措施应侧重于改变研究中确定的特定社会人口学因素的知识、态度和认知。
