Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2021 Jul;63(5):1295-1308. doi: 10.1002/dev.22104. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Research has shown that children's internalizing symptom development during early childhood are shaped by biopsychosocial processes including physiology and parental symptoms. However, associations between maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and trajectories of child internalizing symptoms are not well understood. We used growth curve models to examine how maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and the interaction between maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology may be associated with trajectories of internalizing symptoms during early childhood. Mothers reported their children's internalizing symptoms when children were 3, 4, 5 and 6 years of age, and mothers self-reported their own internalizing symptoms when children were 3. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) was collected when children were 3.5-years-old. Results showed that there is a non-linear, quadratic trajectory across all participants from age 3 to 6. Maternal internalizing symptoms were not associated with children's internalizing symptoms at age 6, but were associated with both linear and quadratic change. Lower resting RSA was associated with greater increases in children's internalizing symptoms over time. Interactions between maternal internalizing symptoms and RSA were not associated with children's internalizing symptom development. The findings demonstrate that maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology are independently associated with internalizing symptom development during early childhood.
研究表明，儿童在幼儿期的内化症状发展是由包括生理和父母症状在内的生物心理社会过程塑造的。然而，母亲的内化症状、儿童的生理状况以及它们之间的相互作用与儿童内化症状的轨迹之间的关联尚不清楚。我们使用增长曲线模型来研究母亲的内化症状、儿童的生理状况以及母亲的内化症状和儿童的生理状况之间的相互作用如何与儿童在幼儿期的内化症状轨迹相关。母亲在孩子 3、4、5 和 6 岁时报告他们孩子的内化症状，而母亲在孩子 3 岁时自我报告他们自己的内化症状。当孩子 3.5 岁时，收集了呼吸窦性心律失常 (RSA)。结果表明，所有参与者从 3 岁到 6 岁的轨迹是非线性的、二次的。母亲的内化症状与孩子 6 岁时的内化症状无关，但与线性和二次变化有关。较低的静息 RSA 与儿童内化症状随时间的增加呈正相关。母亲的内化症状和 RSA 之间的相互作用与儿童内化症状的发展无关。研究结果表明，母亲的内化症状和儿童的生理状况与儿童在幼儿期内化症状的发展独立相关。
