Mastromatteo Libera Ylenia, Helm Jonathan L, Miller Jonas G
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut.
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University.
Dev Psychol. 2025 Jan 9. doi: 10.1037/dev0001889.
Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
家庭内部的代际风险源于心理健康问题的家族病史，包括童年时期遭受的逆境，这对青少年的适应构成了挑战。然而，重要的是要认识到与代际风险相关的负面发展结果并非不可避免。为了更好地理解这种情况下的复原力，需要进行系统比较不同复原力模型的研究。此外，很少有研究估计具有高代际风险但同时具备多种优势和能力的青少年应该达到何种适应水平。在此，在“家庭与儿童福祉的未来”研究中（15岁评估时样本量(n = 4897)，52%为女性，49%为非西班牙裔黑人）对代际风险途径以及补偿性和保护性复原力模型进行了评估。外祖父母的心理健康问题史与青少年适应不良（抑郁症状、物质使用、犯罪行为和学校问题）之间的联系通过母亲的心理健康问题及其与儿童遭受逆境的关联进行了系列中介。数据驱动的轨迹分析确定了在童年时期接触多种逆境增加的参与者特征。长期接触多种逆境反过来又预测了青少年适应不良的增加。然而，复原力因素，包括童年社交技能、毅力和学校中的联系感，有效地抵消了代际风险。经历了高水平这些童年资产的高代际风险青少年表现出与平均风险和低风险同龄人相当的适应水平。这些发现推进了我们对代际风险途径的理解，并为复原力的补偿模型而非保护模型提供了新证据。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
