Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
Indoor Air. 2021 Jul;31(4):1072-1083. doi: 10.1111/ina.12795. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Household air pollution (HAP) from residential combustion considerably affects human health in rural China. Large-scale population migration and rural lifestyle changes during the Spring Festival are supposed to change the household air pollution and health risks; however, limited field study has determined its impacts on HAP and short-term health outcomes.
A field study was conducted in rural areas of Southern China before and during the Spring Festival to explore the associations between HAP and blood pressure considering different factors such as cooking fuel, heating fuel, and smoking. Stationary real-time PM monitors were used to measure PM concentrations of the kitchen, living room, and yard of 156 randomly selected households. Personal exposure to PM was calculated based on the results of stationary samplers and corresponding time local residents spent in different microenvironments, and one adult resident was recruited of each family for the blood pressure measurement.
Both personal exposure to PM and blood pressures of local residents increased during Spring Festival compared to the days before the holiday. Based on generalized linear model coupled with dominance analysis approach, it was found that personal PM exposure was positively associated with the factors of population size and the types of cooking and heating fuels with the relative contributions of approximately 82%, and systolic blood pressure (SBP, 100-120 mmHg as normal range for adults) was positively and significantly associated with personal PM exposures with the relative contribution of 11%.
The findings in this study demonstrated that Spring Festival can give rise to increase of HAP and hypertension risks, also related to tremendous solid fuel use, suggesting further policy making on promoting cleaner energy in rural areas and more attention on large population migration during national holidays.
中国农村地区的居民燃烧所导致的室内空气污染（HAP）严重影响着人类健康。春节期间大规模的人口迁移和农村生活方式的改变，据推测会改变家庭空气污染和健康风险；然而，有限的实地研究已经确定了其对 HAP 和短期健康结果的影响。
本研究在中国南方农村地区进行了一项实地研究，在春节前和春节期间，考虑到不同的因素，如烹饪燃料、取暖燃料和吸烟，探索了 HAP 与血压之间的关系。使用固定实时 PM 监测仪测量了 156 户随机选择的家庭的厨房、客厅和院子的 PM 浓度。根据固定采样器的结果和相应的当地居民在不同微环境中花费的时间，计算了个人 PM 暴露量，并且每个家庭招募了一名成年居民进行血压测量。
与假期前相比，春节期间当地居民的个人 PM 暴露量和血压均有所升高。基于广义线性模型结合优势分析方法，发现个人 PM 暴露与人口规模以及烹饪和取暖燃料的类型等因素呈正相关，其相对贡献约为 82%，而收缩压（SBP，成人正常范围为 100-120mmHg）与个人 PM 暴露呈正相关且具有显著意义，其相对贡献为 11%。
本研究结果表明，春节期间会导致 HAP 和高血压风险增加，这与大量固体燃料的使用有关，这表明需要在农村地区进一步制定促进清洁能源的政策，并在全国性节假日期间更加关注大规模人口迁移。
