2018 年波兰的水痘疫情。

National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.

Przegl Epidemiol. 2020;74(3):411-415. doi: 10.32394/pe.74.34.

INTRODUCTION

Chickenpox is a common disease in Poland, which is usually mild, but can lead to serious complications. Vaccination is an effective form of prevention. Prior to universal vaccination against chickenpox, high incidence was recorded in many countries. In Poland, since 2003, vaccinations have been carried out recommended for people who did not suffer from chickenpox and, since 2009, obligatory vaccinations for children up to 12 years of age. particularly vulnerable to infection and children around them.

AIM

To assess epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2018, including vaccination coverage in Polish population, in comparison to previous years.

METHODS

Assessment of the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2018. was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2018" and "Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2017. In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2018 were used.

RESULTS

In 2018, 149,565 cases of chickenpox were registered in Poland, i.e. 15.8% less than in the previous year. The incidence of chickenpox in 2018 was 389.4 per 100 thousand. and was lower than in 2017. The lowest incidence was registered in the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship - 267.5 / 100 thousand, the highest in the Pomorskie Voivodeship - 502.0 / 100 thousand. Children aged 0-4 years became ill the most (72,797). The incidence of chicken pox in men was higher than in women, and in rural areas it was higher than in urban areas. Hospitalization due to chickenpox in 2018 covered 1,089 people, which accounted for 0.72% of the total number of registered cases.

SUMMARY

In 2018, there was a decrease in the number of smallpox cases compared to the previous year, the incidence remains lower than in 2012-2014. An effective method of disease prevention is vaccination against chickenpox, which, despite the lack of common funding, is carried out in a growing population. Further improvement of the epidemiological situation requires health education of the society in the field of primary prevention, which is based on vaccinations. As recommended, the smallpox vaccination course consists of two doses of the vaccine separated by at least 6 weeks from the previous dose.

简介

水痘在波兰是一种常见疾病，通常症状较轻，但也可能导致严重的并发症。接种疫苗是一种有效的预防方式。在普遍接种水痘疫苗之前，许多国家都有较高的发病率。在波兰，自 2003 年以来，对未患过水痘的人群进行了推荐接种，自 2009 年以来，对 12 岁以下儿童进行了强制性接种，这些儿童特别容易受到感染，并且他们周围的儿童也容易受到感染。

目的

评估 2018 年波兰水痘的流行病学情况，包括波兰人口的疫苗接种覆盖率，并与前几年进行比较。

方法

评估 2018 年波兰水痘的流行病学情况。是基于对发表在年度公告中的综合数据的分析结果：“2018 年波兰传染病和中毒”和“2017 年波兰保护性疫苗接种”。此外，还使用了 2018 年保护性疫苗接种计划的建议。

结果

2018 年，波兰登记了 149565 例水痘病例，比前一年减少了 15.8%。2018 年的水痘发病率为每 10 万人 389.4 例，低于 2017 年。发病率最低的是下西里西亚省，为 267.5/10 万人，最高的是滨海省，为 502.0/10 万人。0-4 岁的儿童患病最多（72797 例）。男性的水痘发病率高于女性，农村地区的发病率高于城市地区。2018 年因水痘住院的人数为 1089 人，占登记病例总数的 0.72%。

总结

2018 年，与前一年相比，水痘病例数有所减少，发病率仍低于 2012-2014 年。预防疾病的有效方法是接种水痘疫苗，尽管缺乏共同资金，但接种范围在不断扩大。要进一步改善流行病学状况，需要在初级预防领域对社会进行健康教育，这是基于疫苗接种的。如建议的那样，水痘疫苗接种程序包括两剂疫苗，两剂之间至少间隔 6 周。