2019 年波兰的水痘疫情。

National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.

Przegl Epidemiol. 2021;75(3):355-360. doi: 10.32394/pe.75.32.

BACKGROUND

Chickenpox is a common disease in Poland, which is usually mild, but can lead to serious complications. Vaccination is an effective form of prevention. Prior to universal vaccination against chickenpox, high incidence was recorded in many countries. In Poland, since 2003, vaccinations have been carried out recommended for people who did not suffer from chickenpox and, since 2009, obligatory vaccinations for children up to 12 years of age particularly vulnerable to infection and children around them.

AIM

To assess epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2019, including vaccination coverage in Polish population, in comparison to previous years.

METHODS

Assessment of the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2019 was based on the results of the analysis of aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2019" and "Protective Vaccination in Poland in 2019." In addition, the recommendations from the Protective Vaccine Program for 2019 were used.

RESULTS

In 2019, 180 641 cases of chickenpox were registered in Poland, i.e. 17.2% more than in the previous year. The incidence of chickenpox in 2019 was 470.6 per 100 thousand and was higer than in 2018. The lowest incidence was registered in the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship - 297.9/100 thousand, the highest in the Śląskie Voivodeship - 555.9/100 thousand. Children aged 0-4 years became ill the most (89 611). The incidence of chickenpox in men was higher than in women, and in rural areas it was higher than in urban areas. Hospitalization due to chickenpox in 2019 covered 1 156 people, which accounted for 0.64% of the total number of registered cases.

SUMMARY

In 2019, there was a growth in the number of chickenpox cases compared to the previous year, the incidence remains lower than in 2012-2014. An effective method of disease prevention is vaccination against chickenpox, which, despite the lack of common funding, is carried out in a growing population. Further improvement of the epidemiological situation requires health education of the society in the field of primary prevention, which is based on vaccinations. As recommended, the chickenpox vaccination course consists of two doses of the vaccine separated by at least 6 weeks from the previous dose.

背景

水痘在波兰是一种常见疾病，通常病情较轻，但也可能导致严重并发症。接种疫苗是一种有效的预防方式。在普遍接种水痘疫苗之前，许多国家都有较高的发病率记录。在波兰，自 2003 年以来，对未曾患过水痘的人群进行了推荐接种，自 2009 年以来，对 12 岁以下特别易感染水痘的儿童和周围儿童进行了强制性接种。

目的

评估 2019 年波兰水痘的流行病学情况，包括波兰人口的疫苗接种覆盖率，并与往年进行比较。

方法

根据发表在年度公报中的汇总数据，评估 2019 年波兰水痘的流行病学情况：“2019 年波兰传染病和中毒”和“2019 年波兰预防接种”。此外，还使用了 2019 年预防疫苗计划的建议。

结果

2019 年，波兰登记了 180641 例水痘病例，比前一年增加了 17.2%。2019 年的水痘发病率为每 10 万人 470.6 例，高于 2018 年。发病率最低的是下西里西亚省，为 297.9/10 万人，发病率最高的是西里西亚省，为 555.9/10 万人。0-4 岁儿童患病最多（89611 例）。男性水痘发病率高于女性，农村地区高于城市地区。2019 年因水痘住院的人数为 1156 人，占登记病例总数的 0.64%。

总结

与前一年相比，2019 年水痘病例数有所增加，发病率仍低于 2012-2014 年。预防水痘的有效方法是接种水痘疫苗，尽管缺乏共同资金，但接种疫苗的人群在不断增加。进一步改善流行病学情况需要在初级预防领域对社会进行健康教育，这是基于疫苗接种的。如建议所述，水痘疫苗接种程序包括两剂疫苗，两剂之间至少间隔 6 周。