Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
The Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518102, China.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Mar;224:113418. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.11.001. Epub 2019 Nov 19.
Ambient PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm) is an important contribution of PM mass. However, little is known worldwide regarding the PM-associated health effects due to a wide lack of ground-based PM measurements from air monitoring stations.
We collected daily records of hospital admission for respiratory diseases and station-based measurements of air pollution and weather conditions in Shenzhen, China, 2015-2016. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models were adopted to estimate hospitalization risks associated with short-term exposures to PM and PM.
PM and PM showed significant adverse effects on respiratory disease hospitalizations, while no evident associations with PM were identified. Admission risks for total respiratory diseases were 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.14) and 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10), corresponding to per 10 μg/m rise in exposure to PM and PM at lag 0-2 days, respectively. Both PM and PM were strongly associated with increased admission for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, but exhibited no effects on asthma and upper respiratory tract infection. Largely comparable risk estimates were observed between male and female patients. Groups aged 0-14 years and 45-74 years were significantly affected by PM- and PM-associated risks. PM-hospitalization associations exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, with significantly larger risks in cold season than those in warm season among some subgroups.
Our study suggested that PM rather than PM contributed to PM-induced risks of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and effects of PM and PM mainly occurred in cold season.
环境 PM（空气动力学直径≤1μm 的颗粒物）是 PM 质量的一个重要贡献因素。然而，由于缺乏来自空气监测站的地面 PM 测量数据，全球范围内对与 PM 相关的健康影响知之甚少。
我们收集了 2015-2016 年中国深圳的呼吸道疾病住院记录和基于站点的空气污染及气象条件测量数据。采用时间分层病例交叉设计和条件逻辑回归模型来估计与短期 PM 和 PM 暴露相关的住院风险。
PM 和 PM 对呼吸道疾病住院有显著的不良影响，而与 PM 则没有明显的关联。总呼吸道疾病的入院风险分别为 1.09（95%置信区间：1.04 至 1.14）和 1.06（1.02 至 1.10），对应于暴露于 PM 和 PM 后 0-2 天每增加 10μg/m 的风险。PM 和 PM 与肺炎和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的入院增加均呈强相关，但与哮喘和上呼吸道感染无关。在男性和女性患者中观察到的风险估计值基本相当。0-14 岁和 45-74 岁的患者群体受到 PM-和 PM-相关风险的显著影响。PM 与住院相关的关联表现出明显的季节性模式，在某些亚组中，冷季的风险明显大于暖季。
我们的研究表明，PM 而不是 PM 导致了 PM 引起的呼吸道疾病住院风险，而 PM 和 PM 的影响主要发生在冷季。
