Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA.
Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 9;22(4):1749. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041749.
Preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 could be related to cross-reactive antibodies to common human-coronaviruses (HCoVs). This study aimed to evaluate whether human milk antibodies against to S1 and S2 subunits SARS-CoV-2 are cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E in mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, in mothers with previous viral symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, and in unexposed mothers; Methods: The levels of secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA, secretory IgM (SIgM)/IgM, and IgG specific to S1 and S2 SARS-CoV-2, and reactive to S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E were measured in milk from 7 mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, 20 mothers with viral symptoms, and unexposed mothers (6 Ctl1-2018 and 16 Ctl2-2018) using ELISA; Results: The S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were higher in the COVID-19 PCR ( = 0.014) and viral symptom ( = 0.040) groups than in the Ctl1-2018 group. We detected a higher number of positive correlations between the antigens and secretory antibodies in the COVID-19 PCR group than in the viral symptom and Ctl-2018 groups. S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43-reactive IgG was higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group ( = 0.002) but did not differ for the other antibodies; Conclusions: Mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR and mothers with previous viral symptoms had preexisting human milk antibodies against S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2. Human milk IgG were more specific to S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2 than other antibodies, whereas SIgA and SIgM were polyreactive and cross-reactive to S1 or S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2.
先前对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫可能与对常见人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) 的交叉反应性抗体有关。本研究旨在评估在经 PCR 检测确诊 COVID-19 的母亲、在 COVID-19 大流行期间有过病毒症状的母亲以及未暴露的母亲的母乳中,针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 S1 和 S2 亚单位的人乳抗体是否与 HCoV-OC43 和 HCoV-229E 的 S1 和 S2 亚单位发生交叉反应。方法:采用 ELISA 法检测 7 名经 PCR 检测确诊 COVID-19 的母亲、20 名有病毒症状的母亲和未暴露的母亲(6 名 Ctl1-2018 和 16 名 Ctl2-2018)母乳中针对 S1 和 S2 SARS-CoV-2 的分泌型 IgA(SIgA)/IgA、分泌型 IgM(SIgM)/IgM 和 IgG 的水平,以及针对 S1+S2 HCoV-OC43 和 HCoV-229E 的反应性。结果:与 Ctl1-2018 组相比,COVID-19 PCR 组(=0.014)和病毒症状组(=0.040)的 S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 水平更高。与病毒症状组和 Ctl-2018 组相比,我们在 COVID-19 PCR 组中检测到抗原与分泌抗体之间的正相关数量更多。与对照组相比,COVID-19 组的 S1+S2 HCoV-OC43 反应性 IgG 更高(=0.002),但其他抗体没有差异。结论:经 PCR 检测确诊 COVID-19 的母亲和有过病毒症状的母亲的母乳中存在针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 S2 亚单位的预先存在的人乳抗体。母乳 IgG 对 SARS-CoV-2 的 S2 亚单位的特异性高于其他抗体,而 SIgA 和 SIgM 对 SARS-CoV-2 的 S1 或 S2 亚单位具有多反应性和交叉反应性。
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