Cogato Alessia, Brščić Marta, Guo Hao, Marinello Francesco, Pezzuolo Andrea
Department of Land, Environmental, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jan 31;11(2):356. doi: 10.3390/ani11020356.
Over the last two decades, the dairy industry has adopted the use of Automatic Milking Systems (AMS). AMS have the potential to increase the effectiveness of the milking process and sustain animal welfare. This study assessed the state of the art of research activities on AMS through a systematic review of scientific and industrial research. The papers and patents of the last 20 years (2000-2019) were analysed to assess the research tendencies. The words appearing in title, abstract and keywords of a total of 802 documents were processed with the text mining tool. Four clusters were identified (Components, Technology, Process and Animal). For each cluster, the words frequency analysis enabled us to identify the research tendencies and gaps. The results showed that focuses of the scientific and industrial research areas complementary, with scientific papers mainly dealing with topics related to animal and process, and patents giving priority to technology and components. Both scientific and industrial research converged on some crucial objectives, such as animal welfare, process sustainability and technological development. Despite the increasing interest in animal welfare, this review highlighted that further progress is needed to meet the consumers' demand. Moreover, milk yield is still regarded as more valuable compared to milk quality. Therefore, additional effort is necessary on the latter. At the process level, some gaps have been found related to cleaning operations, necessary to improve milk quality and animal health. The use of farm data and their incorporation on herd decision support systems (DSS) appeared optimal. The results presented in this review may be used as an overall assessment useful to address future research.
在过去二十年中，乳制品行业采用了自动挤奶系统（AMS）。自动挤奶系统有潜力提高挤奶过程的效率并维持动物福利。本研究通过对科学研究和产业研究的系统综述，评估了自动挤奶系统研究活动的现状。分析了过去20年（2000 - 2019年）的论文和专利，以评估研究趋势。使用文本挖掘工具对总共802份文献的标题、摘要和关键词中出现的词汇进行了处理。确定了四个聚类（组件、技术、过程和动物）。对于每个聚类，词汇频率分析使我们能够识别研究趋势和差距。结果表明，科学研究领域和产业研究领域的重点是互补的，科学论文主要涉及与动物和过程相关的主题，而专利则优先关注技术和组件。科学研究和产业研究都集中在一些关键目标上，如动物福利、过程可持续性和技术发展。尽管对动物福利的关注度不断提高，但本次综述强调，仍需进一步努力以满足消费者的需求。此外，与牛奶质量相比，牛奶产量仍然被认为更有价值。因此，有必要在牛奶质量方面付出更多努力。在过程层面，发现了一些与清洁操作相关的差距，而清洁操作对于提高牛奶质量和动物健康是必要的。使用农场数据并将其纳入畜群决策支持系统（DSS）似乎是最佳选择。本综述中呈现的结果可作为全面评估，有助于指导未来的研究。
