Canadian Sport Institute, Calgary, AB T3B 6B7, Canada.
Helios Wellness Centres, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 29;13(2):448. doi: 10.3390/nu13020448.
Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and reflux frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), potentially enhanced by high-intensity running. Food avoidances, food choices, and GIS in runners with IBS/IBD ( = 53) and reflux ( = 37) were evaluated using a reliability and validity tested questionnaire. Comparisons to a control group of runners ( = 375) were made using a Fisher's Exact test. Runners with IBS/IBD experienced the greatest amount of exercise-induced GIS followed by those with reflux. Commonly reported GIS were stomach pain/cramps (77%; 53%), bloating (52%; 50%), intestinal pain/cramps (58%; 33%), and diarrhea (58%; 39%) in IBS/IBD and reflux groups respectively. In the pre-race meal, those with IBS/IBD frequently avoided milk products (53%), legumes (37%), and meat (31%); whereas, runners with reflux avoided milk (38%), meat (36%), and high-fibre foods (33%). When considering food choices pre-race, runners with IBS/IBD chose grains containing gluten (40%), high fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) fruits (38%), and water (38%). Runners with reflux chose water (51%), grains containing gluten (37%), and eggs (31%). In conclusion, while many runners with IBS/IBD and reflux are avoiding trigger foods in their pre-race meals, they are also consuming potentially aggravating foods, suggesting nutrition advice may be warranted.
患有炎症性肠病 (IBD)、肠易激综合征 (IBS) 和反流的个体经常出现胃肠道症状 (GIS)，高强度跑步可能会加重这些症状。使用经过可靠性和有效性测试的问卷评估了 IBS/IBD（=53）和反流（=37）跑步者的食物回避、食物选择和 GIS。使用 Fisher's 精确检验将与对照组跑步者（=375）进行比较。IBS/IBD 患者经历的运动引起的 GIS 最多，其次是反流患者。分别报告的常见 GIS 是腹痛/痉挛（77%；53%）、腹胀（52%；50%）、肠痛/痉挛（58%；33%）和腹泻（58%；39%）在 IBS/IBD 和反流组中。在赛前餐中，IBS/IBD 患者经常避免食用奶制品（53%）、豆类（37%）和肉类（31%）；而反流患者则避免食用奶制品（38%）、肉类（36%）和高纤维食物（33%）。考虑到赛前的食物选择，IBS/IBD 患者选择含有麸质的谷物（40%）、高可发酵寡糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）水果（38%）和水（38%）。反流患者选择水（51%）、含麸质的谷物（37%）和鸡蛋（31%）。总之，虽然许多患有 IBS/IBD 和反流的跑步者在赛前餐中避免食用触发食物，但他们也在食用潜在的刺激性食物，这表明可能需要营养建议。
