Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 11526 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 30;13(2):462. doi: 10.3390/nu13020462.
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals), phytochemicals and Mediterranean diet compounds with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, there is no single food to prevent coronavirus Although the relationship between PAF and COVID-19 is not robust, a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors may target both inflammation and thrombosis and prevent the deleterious effects of COVID-19. The next step is the experimental confirmation or not of the PAF-COVID-19 hypothesis.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）大流行是一种发病率和死亡率都很高的新兴情况，其病理生理学与炎症和血栓形成有关。该疾病与患者的营养状况直接相关，官方来源建议患者保持均衡的饮食。最近，血小板激活因子（PAF）在 COVID-19 的发病机制中起作用。在本综述中，介绍了几种具有潜在抗 COVID-19 活性的微量营养素（维生素 A、维生素 C、维生素 E、维生素 D、硒、ω-3 脂肪酸和矿物质）、植物化学物质和地中海饮食化合物。我们还强调，经过研究的营养物质和/或整体饮食方案（如地中海饮食）的众所周知的抗炎和抗血栓作用也是通过 PAF 介导的。总之，没有任何一种单一的食物可以预防冠状病毒。虽然 PAF 与 COVID-19 之间的关系并不确定，但含有 PAF 抑制剂的健康饮食可能会同时针对炎症和血栓形成，并预防 COVID-19 的有害影响。下一步是实验确认或不确认 PAF-COVID-19 假设。
