Toprak Ibrahim, Cavas Francisco, Vega Alfredo, Velázquez José S, Alio Del Barrio Jorge L, Alio Jorge L
Department of Research and Development, VISSUM, 03016 Alicante, Spain.
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, Turkey.
J Pers Med. 2021 Jan 30;11(2):82. doi: 10.3390/jpm11020082.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a different and abnormal corneal profile is present in Down syndrome (DS) by personalized three-dimensional (3D) modelling. This single-centre cross-sectional study included 43 patients with DS (43 eyes) and 58 age-sex-matched control subjects (58 eyes) with normal karyotype and topography. Refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT), aberrations (high-order, coma and spherical), asphericity and morphogeometric/volumetric parameters based on a 3D corneal model that was generated from raw topographical data were evaluated. Deviation of anterior/posterior apex (D/D) and thinnest point (D/D) from corneal vertex, anterior/posterior surface area (A/A), sagittal area passing through the anterior/posterior apex (A/A) and thinnest point (A), total corneal volume (V) and volumetric progression for each 0.05 mm step of the radius value centred to the thinnest point (VOL) and anterior/posterior apex (VOL/VOL) comprised the morphogeometric/volumetric parameters. In the DS group, 58.1% of the eyes presented abnormal topography. High-order and coma aberrations, asphericity, D, A, A and A were significantly higher, whereas CCT, A, A, V, VOL, VOL and VOL were lower in the DS group than in the control group ( < 0.05). D did not differ between the groups ( > 0.05). This study demonstrates that corneas of the subjects with DS are different and more aberrated than those of normal age- and sex-matched non-DS controls. Anterior corneal apex appears to be displaced in DS even with normal topography, while posterior apex seems stable although topography is abnormal. These findings may help to modify our approach in the diagnosis of keratopathy in subjects with DS.
本研究旨在通过个性化三维（3D）建模，调查唐氏综合征（DS）患者是否存在不同且异常的角膜轮廓。这项单中心横断面研究纳入了43例DS患者（43只眼）和58例年龄、性别匹配的对照受试者（58只眼），这些对照受试者核型和角膜地形图均正常。评估了基于从原始地形图数据生成的3D角膜模型的屈光、中央角膜厚度（CCT）、像差（高阶、彗差和球差）、非球面性以及形态几何/体积参数。测量了前/后顶点与角膜顶点、最薄点的偏离度（D/D），前/后表面积（A/A），通过前/后顶点和最薄点的矢状面积（A/A）、最薄点处矢状面积（A），总角膜体积（V），以及以最薄点和前/后顶点为中心，半径值每0.05mm步长的体积变化（VOL）和前/后顶点处的体积变化（VOL/VOL），这些构成了形态几何/体积参数。在DS组中，58.1%的眼睛呈现异常角膜地形图。DS组的高阶和彗差像差、非球面性、D、A、A和A显著更高，而CCT、A、A、V、VOL、VOL和VOL低于对照组（<0.05）。两组间D无差异（>0.05）。本研究表明，DS患者的角膜与年龄和性别匹配的非DS正常对照者不同，且像差更大。即使角膜地形图正常，DS患者的角膜前顶点似乎也有移位，而后顶点尽管角膜地形图异常但似乎稳定。这些发现可能有助于改变我们对DS患者角膜病变的诊断方法。
