Mathew O P
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Pediatrics. 1988 May;81(5):688-91.
Milk flow characteristics of nipple units commonly used in the neonatal period were compared in the laboratory using a mechanical system. The number of simulated sucks required to empty 120 mL of formula was determined for each nipple unit. In general, the number of simulated sucks required to empty the bottle decreased when the applied negative pressure was increased from -60 to -120 cm of H2O except for SMA nipple units for premature infants. The Nuk type required less sucks (ie, higher flow) than standard nipple units. Among the Nuk-type nipple units, the SMA nipple had the highest mean flow and Enfamil Natural the lowest mean flow; among the standard nipple units, SMA single-hole had the highest flow and Ross Twist-on had the lowest flow. However, wide variability in performance was observed not only between different types of nipple units but also within the same type. Flow characteristics of nipple units for preterm infants overlapped markedly, with that for term neonates with Enfamil nipples exhibiting the highest flow. Clinical relevance of these differences in flow characteristics among the nipple units is discussed.
在实验室中使用机械系统比较了新生儿期常用乳头装置的乳汁流动特性。确定了每个乳头装置排空120毫升配方奶所需的模拟吸吮次数。一般来说，除了早产儿使用的SMA乳头装置外，当施加的负压从-60厘米水柱增加到-120厘米水柱时，排空奶瓶所需的模拟吸吮次数会减少。Nuk型乳头比标准乳头装置需要更少的吸吮次数（即流量更高）。在Nuk型乳头装置中，SMA乳头的平均流量最高，Enfamil Natural的平均流量最低；在标准乳头装置中，SMA单孔乳头的流量最高，Ross Twist-on的流量最低。然而，不仅在不同类型的乳头装置之间，而且在同一类型内都观察到性能存在很大差异。早产儿乳头装置的流动特性明显重叠，Enfamil乳头的足月儿的流动特性表现出最高的流量。讨论了这些乳头装置在流动特性上的差异的临床相关性。
