Rahman M T, Haque N, Abdurrazaq N B, Aziz J
Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Trop Biomed. 2016 Sep 1;33(3):512-518.
A number of biological molecules such as inflammatory enzymes and cytokines are altered during dengue virus (DENV) infection, many of which are attributed to the pathogenesis of the DENV infection. Papaya (Carica papaya) based extracts (PBE) and certain vitamins have been proven beneficial for dengue fever (DF) patients. The extract of papaya leaves were shown to improve platelet count in dengue patients. Extracts of papaya pulp based was also shown to induce in vitro IL-6 and stem cell factor in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stem cells of mesenchymal origin. Different vitamins such as D, E, and C have shown promise to treat dengue disease when taken in small supplementation trials. However, the exact molecular mechanisms on the beneficial roles of either PBE or vitamins are yet to be defined. Hence, the aim of this review is to link the cellular and molecular responses of DENV pathogenesis and pharmacological actions of the bio-active components of PBE or vitamins. It has also been shown that the beneficial roles of PBE and vitamins in DF are linked to thrombopoiesis, prevention of the viral entry and replication, decrease in oxidative damage assisted thrombocytopenia, and the reduction in vascular leakage. The DENV mediated fatalities are expected to expand it's geographic boundary whilst an efficient drug and the most likely candidate vaccine against DENV are still in progress. Findings on the molecular mechanisms of food and nutrient supplement might reinforce ongoing research to treat the increasing number of DENV infected patients using natural products while waiting for the right drug and vaccine.
在登革病毒（DENV）感染期间，许多生物分子如炎性酶和细胞因子会发生改变，其中许多与DENV感染的发病机制有关。基于番木瓜（番木瓜属）的提取物（PBE）和某些维生素已被证明对登革热（DF）患者有益。番木瓜叶提取物被证明可提高登革热患者的血小板计数。基于番木瓜果肉的提取物还被证明可在体外诱导人外周血单核细胞和间充质来源干细胞中的IL-6和干细胞因子。在小型补充试验中，不同的维生素如D、E和C已显示出治疗登革热疾病的前景。然而，PBE或维生素有益作用的确切分子机制尚未明确。因此，本综述的目的是将DENV发病机制的细胞和分子反应与PBE或维生素生物活性成分的药理作用联系起来。还表明，PBE和维生素在DF中的有益作用与血小板生成、预防病毒进入和复制、减少氧化损伤辅助的血小板减少以及减少血管渗漏有关。预计DENV介导的死亡人数将扩大其地理范围，而一种有效的药物和最有可能的DENV候选疫苗仍在研发中。关于食品和营养补充剂分子机制的研究结果可能会加强正在进行的研究，即在等待合适的药物和疫苗的同时，使用天然产物治疗越来越多的DENV感染患者。
