Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2022;52:195-212. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_182.
Harmful alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) result in major health and community burden worldwide, yet treatment options are limited. Novel pharmacotherapies are urgently required, and treatments involving GABA receptors have been used in treating alcohol-related disorders. This chapter will review the clinical evidence of GABA pharmacotherapies, such as baclofen and γ-hydroxybutyric acid. This includes the use of these treatments in individuals experiencing alcohol withdrawal symptoms and outlining the outcomes of studies of alcohol relapse prevention relapse including case studies, comparative studies and randomised controlled trials. Laboratory research investigating biobehavioural effects of baclofen will also be summarised and polymorphisms associated with baclofen treatment, and safety concerns of GABA treatments will be addressed. In summary, pharmacological treatments targeting GABA receptors such as baclofen may be modestly effective in the management of alcohol use disorder, but safety concerns limit the widespread applicability of the currently available agents.
有害饮酒和酒精使用障碍（AUD）在全球范围内造成了重大的健康和社区负担，但治疗选择有限。迫切需要新的药物治疗方法，涉及 GABA 受体的治疗方法已被用于治疗与酒精相关的障碍。本章将回顾 GABA 类药物治疗的临床证据，如巴氯芬和 γ-羟基丁酸。这包括这些治疗方法在经历酒精戒断症状的个体中的使用，并概述酒精复发预防研究的结果，包括病例研究、比较研究和随机对照试验。还将总结实验室研究中关于巴氯芬的生物行为学效应，以及与巴氯芬治疗相关的多态性，以及 GABA 治疗的安全性问题。总之，针对 GABA 受体的药物治疗，如巴氯芬，可能在酒精使用障碍的治疗中具有一定的效果，但安全性问题限制了目前可用药物的广泛适用性。
