种质库条件下保存的玉米种子寿命长达 60 年。
Seed longevity of maize conserved under germplasm bank conditions for up to 60 years.
机构信息
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico State, Mexico.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2021 May 7;127(6):775-785. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab009.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The long-term conservation of seeds of plant genetic resources is of key importance for food security and preservation of agrobiodiversity. Nevertheless, there is scarce information available about seed longevity of many crops under germplasm bank conditions.
METHODS
Through germination experiments as well as the analysis of historical monitoring data, we studied the decline in viability manifested by 1000 maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) seed accessions conserved for an average of 48 years at the CIMMYT germplasm bank, the largest maize seedbank in the world, under two cold storage conditions: an active (-3 °C; intended for seed distribution) and a base conservation chamber (-15 °C; for long-term conservation).
KEY RESULTS
Seed lots stored in the active chamber had a significantly lower and more variable seed germination, averaging 81.4 %, as compared with the seed lots conserved in the base chamber, averaging 92.1 %. The average seed viability detected in this study was higher in comparison with that found in other seed longevity studies on maize conserved under similar conditions. A significant difference was detected in seed germination and longevity estimates (e.g. p85 and p50) among accessions. Correlating seed longevity with seed traits and passport data, grain type showed the strongest correlation, with flint varieties being longer lived than floury and dent types.
CONCLUSIONS
The more rapid loss of seed viability detected in the active chamber suggests that the seed conservation approach, based on the storage of the same seed accessions in two chambers with different temperatures, might be counterproductive for overall long-term conservation and that base conditions should be applied in both. The significant differences detected in seed longevity among accessions underscores that different viability monitoring and regeneration intervals should be applied to groups of accessions showing different longevity profiles.
背景与目的
植物遗传资源种子的长期保存对于粮食安全和农业生物多样性的保护至关重要。然而，对于许多作物在种质库条件下的种子寿命，可用的信息却很少。
方法
通过发芽实验以及对历史监测数据的分析，我们研究了在 CIMMYT 种质库中保存了平均 48 年的 1000 份玉米（Zea mays subsp. mays）种子材料的活力下降情况，该种质库是世界上最大的玉米种子库，保存条件有两种：主动（-3°C；用于种子分发）和基础保存室（-15°C；用于长期保存）。
主要结果
与保存在基础保存室的种子相比，保存在主动库的种子活力显著降低，变异性更大，平均发芽率为 81.4%，而保存在基础保存室的种子平均发芽率为 92.1%。与在类似条件下保存的其他玉米种子寿命研究相比，本研究中检测到的平均种子活力更高。不同材料的种子发芽率和寿命估计值（例如 p85 和 p50）存在显著差异。将种子寿命与种子特性和护照数据相关联时，粒型相关性最强，硬粒品种比粉质和马齿品种寿命更长。
结论
主动库中更快的种子活力损失表明，基于在两个温度不同的储存室中储存相同种子的方法，可能不利于整体长期保存，应该在两个库中都采用基础条件。不同材料之间的种子寿命差异显著，这表明应该对具有不同活力监测和再生间隔的材料分组进行应用。
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