Afonnikov Dmitry A, Komyshev Evgenii G, Efimov Vadim M, Genaev Mikhail A, Koval Vasily S, Gierke Peter U, Börner Andreas
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 23;11(1):35. doi: 10.3390/plants11010035.
Seed storage is important to farmers, breeders and for germplasm preservation. During storage, seeds accumulate damage at the structural and metabolic level, which disrupt their function and reduce resistance to adverse external conditions. In this regard, issues related to seed aging prove to be relevant for maintaining the viability of genetic collections. We analyzed morphological characteristics of grains and their coat color for 44 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of bread wheat grown in four different seasons, 2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014. Our investigations were performed in 2020. For 19 RILs from the same seasons germination was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that genotype significantly affects the variability of all seed traits, and the year of harvesting affects about 80% of them (including all the traits of shape and size). To identify the trend between changes in grain characteristics and harvesting year, we estimated correlation coefficients between them. No significant trend was detected for the grain shape/size traits, while 90% of the color traits demonstrated such a trend. The most significant negative correlations were found between the harvesting year and the traits of grain redness: the greater the storage time, the more intensive is red color component for the grains. At the same time, it was shown that grains of longer storage time (earlier harvesting year) have lighter coat. Analysis of linear correlations between germination of wheat seeds of different genotypes and harvesting years and their seed traits revealed a negative linear relationship between the red component of coat color and germination: the redder the grains, the lower their germination rate. The results obtained demonstrate manifestations of metabolic changes in the coat of grains associated with storage time and their relationship with a decrease of seed viability.
种子储存对农民、育种者以及种质保存都很重要。在储存过程中，种子在结构和代谢层面会积累损伤，这会破坏其功能并降低对不利外部条件的抗性。在这方面，与种子老化相关的问题对于维持遗传种质库的活力至关重要。我们分析了2003年、2004年、2009年和2014年四个不同季节种植的44个面包小麦重组自交系（RIL）的籽粒形态特征及其种皮颜色。我们的研究于2020年进行。对来自相同季节的19个RIL进行了发芽率评估。我们的结果表明，基因型显著影响所有种子性状的变异性，收获年份影响其中约80%的性状（包括所有形状和大小性状）。为了确定籽粒特征变化与收获年份之间的趋势，我们估计了它们之间的相关系数。籽粒形状/大小性状未检测到显著趋势，而90%的颜色性状呈现出这种趋势。收获年份与籽粒红色性状之间发现了最显著的负相关：储存时间越长，籽粒的红色成分越强烈。同时，结果表明储存时间较长（收获年份较早）的籽粒种皮颜色较浅。对不同基因型小麦种子发芽率与收获年份及其种子性状之间的线性相关性分析表明，种皮颜色的红色成分与发芽率之间存在负线性关系：籽粒越红，发芽率越低。所得结果表明了与储存时间相关的籽粒种皮代谢变化及其与种子活力下降的关系。
