Yılmaz Tuğba
İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey.
Curr Psychol. 2021;40(4):1592-1600. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01433-z. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
Victimology concerns victims of various traumas from accidents, disasters, assaults to wars. Survivors of trauma are also an area in clinical psychology since it is interested in the assessment and diagnosis of psychopathology and psychotherapy. Stress and mental health are intertwined; increased stress results in difficulties in feeling, thinking and behaving. The stress symptoms are an intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal and reactivity A trauma survivor might develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Healing trauma is so comprehensive that many professionals work from different aspects. From attorneys to mental health workers, many professionals deal with the aftereffects of trauma. Engaging with details of the trauma endangers not only the victims but also the professionals working with the victims. These professionals end up having psychological effects such as secondary trauma, vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, countertransference and occupational burnout. Trauma has serious effects on its victims but not all effects are negative and paralyzing. Trauma victims might change their priorities in a way that they report more personal control over their life. This phenomenon is called posttraumatic growth. The paper aims to collaborate victimology with clinical psychology by highlighting psychopathology and psychological assessment.
受害者学关注各类创伤的受害者，包括事故、灾难、袭击乃至战争的受害者。创伤幸存者也是临床心理学的一个研究领域，因为该领域关注精神病理学的评估与诊断以及心理治疗。压力与心理健康相互交织；压力增加会导致感觉、思维和行为方面的困难。压力症状包括侵扰、回避、消极认知与情绪，以及觉醒和反应性。创伤幸存者可能会患上创伤后应激障碍。治愈创伤是一个综合性的过程，许多专业人士从不同方面开展工作。从律师到心理健康工作者，许多专业人士都处理创伤的后遗症。接触创伤细节不仅会危及受害者，也会危及与受害者打交道的专业人士。这些专业人士最终会产生诸如继发性创伤、替代性创伤、同情疲劳、反移情和职业倦怠等心理影响。创伤对受害者有严重影响，但并非所有影响都是负面且使人瘫痪的。创伤受害者可能会改变他们的优先事项，从而报告对自己生活有更多的个人掌控感。这种现象被称为创伤后成长。本文旨在通过突出精神病理学和心理评估，将受害者学与临床心理学结合起来。
