Lee Mooah, Lee Jang-Han
Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 28;12:619025. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619025. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated the effects of psychobiological characteristics of non-obese women with a high level of weight suppression (H-WS) on explicit-implicit and approach-avoidance response toward food cues, depending on hunger-satiety states. The 634 participants were divided into two groups according to their weight history. If the difference between their highest weight over the last year and their current weight (a difference sustained at least for 1 year) was more than 5%, they were assigned to the "H-WS" group ( = 25). If the difference in weight was less than 5%, they were assigned to the "low level of weight suppression" (L-WS) group ( = 29). Explicit approach and avoidance toward food were measured by self-report questionnaires. Implicit approach and avoidance toward food cues were measured using an eye-tracker. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure fasting serum leptin levels. After this, participants consumed a standard breakfast to control the satiety level. After breakfast, explicit-implicit approach-avoidance responses were repeatedly measured at the satiety states. Self-reported body shape concerns, drive for thinness, ambivalent food craving, and bulimic behavior were also assessed. The results showed that the H-WS group had lower leptin levels, and higher body shape concerns, drive for thinness, ambivalent food craving, and bulimic behaviors compared to the L-WS group. At the explicit level, the H-WS group reported lower approach and higher avoidance to food compared to the L-WS group, regardless of hunger-satiety state. Whereas, at the implicit level, the H-WS group showed higher approach during satiety rather than during hunger states. Regardless of the hunger-satiety state, there were no significant group differences with regard to implicit avoidance between the two groups. Thus, we confirmed that a high level of avoidance toward foods was observed in the H-WS group at the explicit level but not at the implicit level. Moreover, in contrast with a high level of explicit avoidance toward palatable foods, inhibition for implicit approach toward high-calorie foods seemed to be blunted after food consumption in the H-WS group. These inconsistencies may be associated with ambivalent food craving and vulnerability to bulimic behavior among H-WS individuals.
本研究调查了具有高水平体重抑制（H-WS）的非肥胖女性的心理生物学特征对食物线索的外显-内隐及趋近-回避反应的影响，具体取决于饥饿-饱腹感状态。634名参与者根据其体重史分为两组。如果她们过去一年的最高体重与当前体重之差（该差值至少持续1年）超过5%，则被分配到“H-WS”组（n = 25）。如果体重差异小于5%，则被分配到“低水平体重抑制”（L-WS）组（n = 29）。通过自我报告问卷测量对食物的外显趋近和回避。使用眼动仪测量对食物线索的内隐趋近和回避。采集空腹血样以测量空腹血清瘦素水平。在此之后，参与者食用标准早餐以控制饱腹感水平。早餐后，在饱腹状态下反复测量外显-内隐趋近-回避反应。还评估了自我报告的对体型的关注、追求瘦身的动力、矛盾的食物渴望和暴食行为。结果表明，与L-WS组相比，H-WS组的瘦素水平较低，对体型的关注、追求瘦身的动力、矛盾的食物渴望和暴食行为较高。在外显水平上，无论饥饿-饱腹感状态如何，H-WS组报告的对食物的趋近较低，回避较高。而在内隐水平上，H-WS组在饱腹状态下比饥饿状态下表现出更高的趋近。无论饥饿-饱腹感状态如何，两组之间在内隐回避方面没有显著的组间差异。因此，我们证实，H-WS组在外显水平上对食物表现出高水平的回避，但在内隐水平上没有。此外，与对外在美味食物的高水平外显回避相反，H-WS组在进食后对高热量食物的内隐趋近抑制似乎减弱。这些不一致可能与H-WS个体中矛盾的食物渴望和暴食行为的易感性有关。
